竹缺爪螨实验种群生命表的研究

在25℃温度条件下，用黄金间碧竹（Bambusa vulgaris cv.vittata)叶饲养竹缺爪螨（Aponychus corpuzae Rimando)，应用生存分析理论和多维矩阵模型组建竹缺爪螨种群生命表，计算得种群主要参数为：内禀增长率rm＝0．0811，净增殖率R0＝5．8368，平均世代长度T＝21．7532d，周限增长率λ=1.0845/d；并分析了种群在不同年龄的生命状态，各发育期重叠情况以及稳定的年龄一阶段分布；最后讨论了应用这2种方法组建螨类生命表的优点。     

不同空间粒度下地表水体分布格局多样性研究

选取河南省北部、中部和南部典型研究样区,将空间粒度方法引入并应用于地表水体多样性的研究中。在总结前人研究水体多样性测度方法的基础上,提出新的方法——空间分布长度指数(MSHDLI),并在1 km×1 km网格尺度下研究MSHDLI、水网密度(RD)和空间分布面积指数(MSHDAI)的粒度效应、相关性和相关系数的粒度响应、尺度效应关系及回归模型。结果表明:随着粒度的增加,MSHDLI、RD和MSHDAI的粒度响应曲线均为下降型;MSHDLI与RD和MSHDAI有显著的相关关系,平均相关系数r分别为0.997和0.878(P0.01),且MSHDLI与RD、MSHDAI相关系数的粒度效应属于显著正相关关系;MSHDLI与RD的拟合度函数均是对数函数,MSHDLI与MSHDAI的拟合度函数均是多项式函数;由三者的多元线性回归模型可知MSHDLI与RD、MSHDAI线性相关且对它们的解释程度达到95%以上。MSHDLI可以将RD描述水资源广度和MSHDAI描述水资源空间分布离散性的优势结合起来。     

谈评等中针叶材活节检量

本文针对GB／T114－1995《原木检验》标准中，有关针叶树材的活节，检量颜色较深，质地较硬部分（似黑眼珠）的尺寸问题，认为颜色较深、质地较硬是构造特征，节子尺寸应含最外圈年轮。检量似黑眼珠不符合国际惯例。     

基于支持向量回归与地统计学的农民收入预测

农民收入既受其自身动态时序特性的影响,又与国家政策、农产品产量、天气等多种人为因素和自然因素关系密切,是一种典型的多维时间序列数据.该研究以国民总收入、乡村人口等11个可能与农民收入相关的影响因子为自变量,农村居民家庭平均每人纯收入为因变量,基于1982～2011年我国相关统计数据,采用支持向量回归与地统计学非线性时间序列预测模型对农民收入进行分析.结果表明：非线性时间序列预测模型大幅度提高了农民收入预测精度;农民的主要收入来源已不是粮食生产,而是向其他农业生产、进城务工等方面转移.     

基于IOS的农产品追溯查询信息的OLAP展示

随着国家农垦局农产品追溯系统的推广,如何更好地发挥数据中心的大量追溯查询信息的作用需要进一步研究。就此提出基于IOS平台来构建农产品追溯查询信息的OLAP展现的思路,并对系统的构架、多维数据模型设计、WEB服务器程序以及IOS客户端UI展示的实现等进行了重点介绍。     

Impact analysis of climate data aggregation at different spatial scales on simulated net primary productivity for croplands

For spatial crop and agro-systems modelling, there is often a discrepancy between the scale of measured driving data and the target resolution. Spatial data aggregation is often necessary, which can introduce additional uncertainty into the simulation results. Previous studies have shown that climate data aggregation has little effect on simulation of phenological stages, but effects on net primary production (NPP) might still be expected through changing the length of the growing season and the period of grain filling. This study investigates the impact of spatial climate data aggregation on NPP simulation results, applying eleven different models for the same study region (∼34,000 km²), situated in Western Germany. To isolate effects of climate, soil data and management were assumed to be constant over the entire study area and over the entire study period of 29 years. Two crops, winter wheat and silage maize, were tested as monocultures. Compared to the impact of climate data aggregation on yield, the effect on NPP is in a similar range, but is slightly lower, with only small impacts on averages over the entire simulation period and study region. Maximum differences between the five scales in the range of 1–100 km grid cells show changes of 0.4–7.8% and 0.0–4.8% for wheat and maize, respectively, whereas the simulated potential NPP averages of the models show a wide range (1.9–4.2 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ and 2.7–6.1 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat and maize, respectively). The impact of the spatial aggregation was also tested for shorter time periods, to see if impacts over shorter periods attenuate over longer periods. The results show larger impacts for single years (up to 9.4% for wheat and up to 13.6% for maize). An analysis of extreme weather conditions shows an aggregation effect in vulnerability up to 12.8% and 15.5% between the different resolutions for wheat and maize, respectively. Simulations of NPP averages over larger areas (e.g. regional scale) and longer time periods (several years) are relatively insensitive to climate data aggregation. However, the scale of climate data is more relevant for impacts on annual averages of NPP or if the period is strongly affected or dominated by drought stress. There should be an awareness of the greater uncertainty for the NPP values in these situations if data are not available at high resolution. On the other hand, the results suggest that there is no need to simulate at high resolution for long term regional NPP averages based on the simplified assumptions (soil and management constant in time and space) used in this study.     

土壤饱和水力传导度的空间变异性

土壤性质的空间变异性对于土壤改良和作物高产都是重要的。本文就土壤饱和水力传导度的空间变异性、孔性数值与饱和水力传导度的相关分析和用大孔隙度标定饱和水力传导度的空间变异性进行了研究。研究结果表明土壤饱和水力传导度的半方差图体现了该土性的空间结构;土壤饱和水力传导度主要通过大孔隙度来表征,二者的关系可以用直线函数和幂函数的关系式来表示;可以从大孔隙度的分布导出和表征饱和水力传导度标定因子的频率分布,作为他和水力传导度的空间分布的度量。     

Effects of urbanization on California’s fish diversity: Differentiation, homogenization and the influence of spatial scale

Human development of freshwater ecosystems has lead to drastic changes in freshwater fish faunas, including the loss of many native species and the gain of non-natives. Typically conservation ecologists view these two opposing forces as contributing to biological homogenization, and consider homogenization as one of the principle negative consequences of urbanization. However, homogenization is only one outcome out of many that can result from the loss and gain of species. In particular, it is possible for invasions and extinctions to lead to differentiation; a process whereby two (or more) regions become less similar to one another through time. Using the freshwater fishes of California, we show that urbanization is highly positively correlated to both the endangerment of native fish and the invasion of non-native fish within watersheds. Despite this, the fish faunas of California’s watersheds have differentiated from one another through time. Furthermore, the degree of differentiation is positively correlated with measures of urbanization, which is contrary to expectation. We suggest that this result reflects: (1) the haphazard manner in which non-native fishes have been introduced into California watersheds, (2) the difficulty that both native and non-native fishes have in expanding their geographical ranges, and (3) the continued presence of vestiges of formerly distinct regional faunas. This pattern of differentiation among watersheds is likely a matter of scale, as previous work on freshwater fishes has demonstrated homogenization at both larger and smaller spatial scales. In addition the observed pattern is probably a short-term (temporal) phenomena and will disappear with continued invasion and extinction. We suggest that similar patterns may occur for other taxa that have limited natural dispersal abilities and that are idiosyncratically released as non-natives via human activities (e.g. herptiles).     

19个国外引进甘蔗品种的灰色关联度分析

采用灰色关联度多维综合评估分析法,对19个法国引进甘蔗品种/材料进行主要工、农艺性状的综合评价。分析结果表明:RB84-5257(r=0.7758)综合性状最好,Vmc86-550(r=0.7560)、RB85-5156(r=0.7320)次之,分别排在1至3位,可以考虑对以上3个材料进行重点繁殖及进入下一步升级试验,其余材料在下一年观察的基础上进行必要的优选和淘汰。     

砂壤质褐土水力特性与物理性质的空间尺度效应——消除趋势波动分析法

土壤水力特性与物理性质的空间异质性及其之间的关系在不同尺度上会有不同表现。采用消除趋势波动分析法对土壤水力特性(田间持水量、萎蔫系数和饱和导水率)和物理性质(机械组成、容重和有机碳含量)进行尺度分析。结果表明,只有在一定尺度范围内才能进行土壤水力特性空间变异分析和尺度转换(外推)。过小的尺度范围内不能摆脱空间相关的束缚,尺度太大时不能抓住主要控制因子,因此无法进行尺度外推。所研究砂壤质褐土田间持水量、饱和导水率、容重和有机碳含量可外推尺度范围较大,分别为55~155、50~125、50~125和50~135 m;砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量的可外推尺度范围较小,为50~85 m,因此在进行空间尺度转换前应先确定其尺度外推范围。