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本文在文献[1]基础上,运用金相,电化学方法研究了50Mn18Cr4电机护环钢依照QHJ-79试验标准在硝酸盐介质中应力腐蚀开裂(即SCC)的性质,结果指出,此体系中SCC的控制过程为阳极溶解。 相似文献
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选取我国11种不同性质的农田土壤,通过外源添加重金属钴(Co),研究其对大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)根伸长的毒性阈值及土壤性质对Co毒性的影响。结果发现,Co对大麦根伸长10%抑制效应(EC10)在11种土壤中的变化范围为37.1~3 914 mg·kg-1土(105.5倍),50%抑制效应(EC50)的变化范围为166.1~6 030 mg·kg-1土(36.3倍)。建立土壤性质与毒性阈值的回归方程,结果表明土壤pH是影响土壤Co毒性阈值最重要的因子,作为单因子时分别可以解释77.6%、72%的EC10和EC50的变异(P≤0.001)。当在EC10预测模型中引入土壤pH和土壤黏粒(Clay)双因子时,可以解释83.9%的EC10的变异(P<0.001),EC50预测模型中引入土壤pH和总碳(TC)双因子时,可以解释86.1%的EC50的变异(P<0.001)。将我国土壤中得到的Co毒性阈值预测模型和欧洲北美10种土壤的预测模型进行比较验证,结果发现基于我国土壤得到的预测模型可以较为准确地预测欧洲北美土壤中Co的大麦根伸长毒性阈值,但基于欧洲北美土壤的预测模型不能准确预测我国土壤中Co的毒性阈值。研究表明,我国土壤性质对Co毒性有显著的影响,基于土壤性质建立的预测模型可为土壤中Co生态风险评价提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为探明植物对锰胁迫的耐受性机制,以采自重金属污染区与非污染区的鸡眼草为试验材料,在不同锰浓度胁迫下[0 (对照)、1000、5000、10000、15000、20000 μmol·L-1] 开展盆栽试验,比较研究锰胁迫对两种来源鸡眼草表型、生理生化特性及锰积累特征的影响。结果表明:随着锰浓度的升高,1) 两种来源鸡眼草的根干重、芽干重、根冠比均呈降低的趋势;当锰浓度达5000~20000 μmol·L-1时,与对照相比,污染区、非污染区鸡眼草的芽干重分别下降4.34%~27.71%与16.33%~49.77%,根干重分别下降19.00%~66.06%与27.90%~77.54%,污染区下降幅度均较非污染区的小;2) 两种来源鸡眼草的叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先升后降的趋势,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量则逐渐升高;3) 两种来源鸡眼草根、茎、叶的锰含量均增加;锰浓度为20000 μmol·L-1时,污染区和非污染区鸡眼草的叶锰含量分别为对照的16.53和13.41倍。因此,污染区鸡眼草锰耐受能力及富集能力均较非污染区鸡眼草高,较高的抗氧化酶活性是其耐受高锰胁迫的重要生理机制。 相似文献
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The important character of non-magnetic high manganese ZG25 Mn18Cr4 alloy is rapid work-hardening under external stress. With X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis, it is proved that the microstructures of both undeformed and deformed matrixes are austenite and carbide with some striation structure in the matrixes, the amount of stripes in the deformed matrix is obviously more than that in the undeformed matrix. Electronic diffraction analysis confirmed that the stripes in coarse austenite grains are high density lamination fault sheets. A great deal of lamination fault sheets produced by plastic deformation divides up austenite matrix, shortens the free distance of dislocation movement and results in the rapid work-hardening of ZG25Mn18Cr4 alloy. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):1017-1027
Abstract A study to investigate the effect of lime on dry matter yield of maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and nodulation of beans grown in three tropical acid soils (two humic Nitosols and one humic Andosol) was carried out in a greenhouse. The soils ranged from 4.2 to 5.0 in pH; 1.74 to 4.56 in %C; 21.0 to 32.0 meq/100g in CEC; 5.10 to 8.10 meq/100g in exchange acidity; 0.60 to 3.20 meq/100g in exchangeable (exch.) Al and 0.13 to 0.67 meq/ 100g in exch. Mn. Exchange acidity and exch. Al decreased with increasing levels of lime in the three soils. Exchangeable Al was reduced to virtually zero at pH 5.5 even in the soils which had appreciable initial amounts. Exchangeable Mn also decreased with increasing levels of lime in the two Nitolsos. Exceptional results, however, were obtained with the Andosol where exch. Mn increased ten‐fold with the first level of lime and then decreased with subsequent levels. In all the soils, mean dry matter yield of beans and maize, and mean nodule dry weight of beans generally increased significantly with increasing lime levels up to pH value of 6.0. The dry matter yield of beans and maize, and nodule weight of beans, however, decreased progressively with increasing lime levels beyond pH 6.0 value. pH range of 5.5 to 6.0 was considered optimum for the growth of maize and beans, and nodulation of beans in these soils. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2512-2520
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the responses of 20 rice cultivars to the phytotoxic effects of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids produced in soils under anaerobic conditions. The study was conducted in a hydroponic system, with four levels (0, 3, 6, and 9 mM) of the three organic acids in the ratio of 6:3:1 in a factorial of complete randomized block design with three replications. The evaluated variables were phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. The analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction, and the established regressions showed differences among the genotypes as evaluated for both variables. Four genotypes were classified as tolerant in relation to P content and three genotypes as tolerant in relation to K. The best performance was verified with japonica genotypes and the irrigation-based growing system. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):645-651
Abstract Two cultivars of cotton (Gossypium spp) were grown in Yolo loam soil in a glasshouse to determine phytotoxicity effects of Cr and Li and possible interactions with other metals. The Cr at 100 μg/g soil had no adverse effects on either cultivar studied. A Cr increase was not observed in either stems or leaves. Both cultivars tolerated 25 and 50 μg Li/g soil. The 50 μg Li/g soil resulted in leaves of Acala SJ‐2 with 432 μg Li/g leaves and 720 in Giza 45. The 100 μg Li/g soil resulted in 74% and 87% leaf yield reductions in Acala SJ‐2 and Giza 45 respectively. Leaf concentrations of Li respectively were 1950 and 1850 μg/g. Except at the highest level of Li, leaves had higher concentrations of Li than did roots. The Cr and Li resulted in some plant metal interactions. 相似文献