论桑树病虫害与蚕病危害的关系

受管理理念的影响，桑树肥培管理工作存在一定的问题，加剧蚕病的扩散和蔓延，降低桑树 和蚕茧的生产质量，造成整体的经济效益不高。为此，本文深入分析桑树病虫害与蚕病危害的关系， 并提出防治的措施，以供参考。     

桑树赤锈病的发生与防治

调查广西宜州市桑树赤锈病发生状况,分析桑树赤锈病发生特点及规律,针对宜州市桑树赤锈病大面积发生状况,提出有效地防治措施。     

规模化奶牛场粪污危害、处理及循环利用模式

随着我国奶牛养殖业发展规模的壮大,规模化奶牛场数量持续增加,但奶牛场粪污污染问题也日益凸显。本文结合自身工作经验,首先分析了规模化奶牛场粪污的危害性,然后从雨污分离、固液分离和干清粪工艺对规模化奶牛场粪污处理方式进行概述,最后从厌气（厌氧）发酵获得沼气、微生物发酵用作饲料和生产生物有机肥三种不同模式介绍模化奶牛场粪污的循环利用操作,以期为规模化奶牛场粪污高效利用提供借鉴。     

Nonlinear Science and Control about the Geological Hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Such the geological hazards as landslide, rockfall, debris-flow and so on frequently occur in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, so it is a very practical and immediate job to explore the mechanism caused the geological hazards and how to forecast and control the geological hazards. For this reason, this paper introduces the situation of the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the major type and feature of the geological hazards occurred in Chongqing, and discusses the basic principle about the modern nonlinear science applied to the geological hazards and the creep-slip, stick-slip occurred on the joints of rock mass and the monitoring technology of the geological hazards.The basic thinking is put forward which can be applied the modern nonlinear science to the geological hazards occurred in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.     

The 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in The Netherlands--a survival analysis

The aim of this analysis was to characterise the temporal pattern of infection during the 1997/98 classical swine fever (CSF) epidemic in The Netherlands and hence identify and quantify risk factors for infection in different enterprise types and areas. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to describe the epidemic. Substantial differences in temporal survival patterns (herd breakdown rate) were found between areas where different control policies operated. Factors with a significant influence on the infection hazard of individual herds included: sow numbers as a percentage of total sows and fatteners (HR = 3.38 for mixed herds (0.1–60% sows) vs. fattening herds (0% sows) and HR = 2.74 for breeding herds (60–100% sows) vs. fattening herds), the number of ‘transport contacts per month’ (>0.3 vs. <0.3; HR = 4.11), pig density (pigs/km²) in the area (HR_{1000 pigs} 1.48) and herd size (HR_{100 pigs} = 1.01).

Pre-emptive slaughter in an area appeared to be associated with lower subsequent disease levels. Higher frequency of transport contacts for welfare slaughter during the epidemic, however, well regulated and controlled, was associated with a substantially higher risk of becoming infected. The positive association of a higher pig density with CSF indicates the potential importance of local spread as a factor in disease transmission and emphasizes that dilution of the pig population can contribute to reduction in CSF occurrence. This analysis suggests however, that if pre-emptive slaughter can promptly be applied effectively in an area after initial diagnosis, pig density is then not a significant factor. Mixed and breeding herds had a higher probability of becoming infected than fattening herds, possibly due to different types and frequencies of inter-herd contacts. These contacts continue to some extent during the epidemic, despite the standstill of animal movements.     

Meat Juice Serology and Improved Food Chain Information as Control Tools for Pork‐Related Public Health Hazards

The seroprevalence of Salmonella spp., pathogenic Yersinia spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. was studied in 1353 finishing pigs from 259 farms that were allocated according to farm types: large fattening farms (≥1000 pig places), small fattening farms (< 1000 pig places) and farrow‐to‐finish farms. The antibodies were analysed with commercial ELISA kits in meat juice samples that were collected at Finnish slaughterhouses. Salmonella antibodies were rare (3% of pigs, 14% of farms) when the cut‐off optical density (OD) value 0.2 was used. Antibodies to pathogenic Yersinia spp. and T. gondii were detected in 57% of pigs and 85% of farms (OD ≥0.3) and in 3% of pigs and 9% of farms (OD ≥0.15), respectively. No antibodies to Trichinella spp. were detected (OD ≥0.3). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, T. gondii and Trichinella spp. as the most relevant biological hazards in the context of meat inspection of pigs. The seroprevalence of these important zoonotic pathogens was low in Finland, except that of Yersinia. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was significantly higher in pigs originating from small‐scale fattening farms (P < 0.05). Strong positive correlation was observed at the animal level between Salmonella and Yersinia seropositivity and between Salmonella and Toxoplasma seropositivity (P < 0.05). We suggest that these results reflect the level and importance of biosecurity measures applied on the farms. Meat juice serology at slaughter is a useful tool for targeting measures to control these pathogens. The information obtained from analyses should be used as part of the food chain information (FCI).     

奶牛养殖业中黄曲霉素污染和预防控制

奶牛摄入含有较高黄曲霉菌及毒素的饲料,奶牛代谢功能受到损害,抑制免疫机能,使得乳房炎增加,产奶量下降及奶牛体质下降。黄曲霉毒素B1在奶牛体内转换为黄曲霉毒素M1,并分布在牛奶中,人食用含有超标黄曲霉毒素Ml的牛奶后,能使人发生肝炎、肝癌[1]。作者从事奶牛科学养殖技术服务工作,为了预防和控制奶牛场黄曲霉毒素的危害,提供有关黄曲霉素危害、预防控制措施,有一定的利用性。     

薇甘菊的分布危害、生物防治及资源化利用研究现状与展望

薇甘菊作为唯一一种全国林业检疫有害植物,由于其较强的攀援、繁殖扩散能力,以及极强的化感作用,对入侵地区的林农业发展产生了极大的危害;作为一种菊科植物薇甘菊有极强的资源化利用价值,在生物农药,药物等方面都有着广泛的利用前景。此文对薇甘菊的生物学特性、分布、适生区及危害进行介绍,对国内外薇甘菊生物防治及资源化利用的研究现状进行综述。     

A PRELIMARY STUDY FOR PLANNING OF EARTHQUAKE HAZARD PREVENTION FOR TOWNS AND CITIES IN MOUNTAIN REGION

Based on the contributing factors of earthqutake,its hazardregularity and the site investigation at Tongjing town in Chongqing,thispaper presents suggestions on the basis,principle and aim of earthquakeplanning in mountainous region,cities and towns as well as site selection,general layout of city,building arrangement,road width and quakeproofsafe area establishment,etc,     

气候监测在茶小绿叶蝉防治中的作用

贵州地处祖国西南,是茶树原产地的核心部分,荼产业是贵州重要的优势产业.随着茶园面积的扩大,茶小绿叶蝉发生危害加重,严重影响茶叶产量和品质,文章根据文献资料和气象观测数据分析,对荼小绿叶蝉的生长发育与气候生态因子、茶小绿叶蝉对茶叶的危害、如何防治进行了分析.