5种农药低空喷雾防治黄脊竹蝗成虫效果分析

为确定低空喷雾无公害药剂防治黄脊竹蝗成虫的林间最佳浓度水平和用药量，掌握低空喷雾施药技术，在福建省三明市三元区的毛竹林建立试验区，应用无人机开展低空喷雾防治试验。结果表明：药后7 d，5种农药的防治效果均超过90%，其林间最佳浓度水平（药剂与纯净水的体积比）为：1.5%苦参碱可溶液和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油均为1：1 000；25%阿维·灭幼脲悬浮剂为1：700，1%苦参·藜芦碱可溶液和4%鱼藤酮乳油均为1：600，原药量用为900 mL/hm²。5种农药防治效果良好，可推广应用于防治黄脊竹蝗成虫。     

基于无人机的水肥一体化玉米出苗率估算方法与试验

出苗率是西北地区春播玉米夺得高产的前提保障。针对宁夏大面积玉米种植过程中人工统计出苗状况工程量大、耗时费力、误查漏数等现象。本文设计不同氮素处理试验,运用无人机搭载数码相机获取玉米苗期高清图像,运用MATLAB软件中ORB算法与距离加权融合算法合成无人机图像,通过二值化、腐蚀膨胀等深度优化处理技术得出玉米苗期图像轮廓,然后运用MATLAB软件八位连通域和ARCMAP 10.3计算方法自动规划路线并计算出玉米的出苗数量。结合田间人工调查数据,采用线性回归分析方法,建立了人工计数和无人机获取玉米出苗株数之间的线性关系模型。结果表明,线性回归关系模型的决定系数、均方根误差和标准均方根误差分别为0.895、4.359和2.436%。因此,基于低空无人机平台快速获取大田玉米出苗株数,是一种省时省力、高效精准的出苗率获取方法。可为后续玉米高产的准确评估提供技术支持,对于优化宁夏玉米滴灌水肥一体化精准种植技术具有积极意义。     

应用无人机森林防火的优势分析与操作规范

为切实加强森林防火防控,遏制重大森林火灾的发生,转变现有的森林防火应急处置机制。分析了应用无人机进行森林防火优缺点,提出了进一步的优化设计与处置思路,可从根本上解决森林防火处置难度大、应急响应慢等问题,为消除林区火灾易燃点排查盲区提供一定的参考。     

基于无线传感网络的无人机喷药沉积效果检测

农业生产过程面临病虫草害的严重威胁,喷洒农药是较为常用的防治方法。随着农业飞行器的推广,以无人机作为载具的航空喷施发展迅速,成为当前最为理想的农药喷洒方式。无人机喷药的雾滴沉积特性对防治效果有很大影响,是当前研究的重点。为此,设计了一种无人机喷药的雾滴沉积效果检测系统,利用无线传感网络进行航线控制,进行采样点定位以及飞行速度、高度和下方风场的数据采集。结果表明:飞行速度和高度对雾滴沉积量有相似的影响,飞行速度对雾滴沉积量的影响大于飞行高度,而雾滴沉积均匀性主要受到无人机飞行速度的影响。该检测方法具有较高的准确性,可为拓宽无线传感网络的应用范围提供依据。     

农用无人机飞行控制中的英语语言理解名词汇聚

农用无人机飞行作业中会受到各种因素影响,实际航线与规划航线之间存在偏差,要精确控制飞行状态,才能按照规划的航线飞行。增强无人机的智能性和自主性是解决这个问题的有效途径,自然语言理解可以作为技术基础。为此,研究了英语语言理解在农业拍摄无人机飞行控制中的作用,并对名词汇聚进行重点分析;列举了无人机状态监测、定位导航和姿态控制这3种控制功能的代表性名词,名词类型以普通名词和事件名词为主。这种方法可以控制无人机按照预定的航线和高度飞行,并能对环境变化做出迅速的反应。因此,英语语言理解名词汇聚可以提高农用无人机控制的精确程度,有助于实现自主飞行。     

雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类代谢物含量的测定及超标原因分析

雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类抗生素尤其是呋喃西林代谢物-氨基脲(SEM)残留超标是困扰我国雄蜂蛹出口的一个难题。本文对不同日龄雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类代谢物含量进行了测定,并对超标原因进行了分析。测定结果表明,在蜂群没有使用任何硝基呋喃类药物情况下,各日龄雄蜂蛹中的SEM含量依然严重超标,随着日龄的增长,雄蜂蛹中的SEM含量大幅增长,特别是16d以后,每过2d,含量增加2μg/kg左右。推测雄蜂蛹中SEM含量超标是非人为因素造成的,可能与雄蜂蛹生长后期体内甲壳素含量的增加相关。     

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle − Based Rangeland Monitoring: Examining a Century of Vegetation Changes

Rangelands comprise a large component of the terrestrial land surface and provide critical ecosystem services, but they are degrading rapidly. Long-term rangeland monitoring with detailed, nonsubjective, quantitative observations can be expensive and difficult to maintain over time. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide an alternative means to gather unbiased and consistent datasets with similar details to field-based monitoring data. Comparing summer 2017 UAV images with long-term plot measurements, we demonstrate that rangeland vegetation cover changes can be accurately quantified and estimate an increase in total absolute shrub/subshrub cover from 34% in 1935 to > 80% in 2017 in central Arizona. We recommend UAV image-based rangeland monitoring for land managers interested in a few specific and dominant species, such as the foundation species, indicator species, or invasive species that require targeted monitoring. Land managers can identify and continuously monitor trends in rangeland condition, health, and degradation related to specific land use policies and management strategies.     

Reproductive and Morphological Quality of Commercial Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Drones in the United States

Exploration into reproductive quality in honey bees (Apis mellifera Linneaus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) largely focuses on factors that affect queens, with drones primarily being considered insofar as they pass on effects of environmental stressors to the queen and subsequent offspring. In those studies that consider drone quality explicitly, a primary focus has been on the dimorphic nature of drones laid in worker cells (either through rare queen error or worker reproduction) as compared to drones laid by the queen in the slightly larger drone cells. The implication from these studies is that that there exists a bimodality of drone morphological quality that is related to reproductive quality and competitive ability during mating. Our study quantifies the presence of such small drones in commercial populations, finding that rates of ‘low-quality’ drones are far higher than theoretically predicted under optimum conditions. Observations from commercial colonies also show significant inter-colony variation among the size and fecundity of drones produced, prompting speculation as to the mechanisms inducing such variation and the potential use of drone-quality variation for the colony- or apiary-level exposure to nutrition, agrichemical, or parasitic stressors.     

探究蜜蜂的发声器官

部分百科全书和常识认为蜜蜂声音是由翅膀振动发出的,湖北监利小学生聂利发现蜜蜂通过翅膀下方“小黑点”、而非扇动翅膀发出“嗡嗡”声。本实验组通过在蜂场现场观察、在实验室破坏蜜蜂“小黑点”、剪除蜜蜂翅膀及破坏蜜蜂“黑色无毛区”,发现蜜蜂扇动翅膀发出的是“唰唰”声,“小黑点”及振动翅膀与蜜蜂发出的“嗡嗡”声无关,而蜜蜂的“黑色无毛区”与其发出的“嗡嗡”声有关。     

应用RAPD分析测定蜂王与雄蜂交配的数量

以卡尼鄂拉蜂 (Apismelliferacarnica)和高加索蜂 (Apismelliferacaucasica)的雄蜂精液对意大利蜜蜂(Apismelliferaligustica)的处女蜂王进行人工授精 ,并利用 11个引物进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记分析。根据RAPD标记计算工蜂个体间的平均遗传相似系数 ,然后计算蜂王与雄蜂交配的数量。结果表明 ,RAPD标记是测定蜂王与雄蜂交配数量的一种有效方法。