EFFECTS OF ANESTHETIC PROTOCOL ON NORMAL CANINE BRAIN UPTAKE OF 18F‐FDG ASSESSED BY PET/CT

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of four anesthetic protocols on normal canine brain uptake of 2‐deoxy‐2‐[¹⁸F]fluoro‐d ‐glucose (FDG) using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Five clinically normal beagle dogs were anesthetized with (1) propofol/isoflurane, (2) medetomidine/pentobarbital, (3) xylazine/ketamine, and (4) medetomidine/tiletamine–zolazepam in a randomized cross‐over design. The standard uptake value (SUV) of FDG was obtained in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, cerebellum, brainstem and whole brain, and compared within and between anesthetic protocols using the Friedman test with significance set at P<0.05. Significant differences in SUVs were observed in various part of the brain associated with each anesthetic protocol. The SUV for the frontal and occipital lobes was significantly higher than in the brainstem in all dogs. Dogs receiving medetomidine/tiletamine–zolazepam also had significantly higher whole brain SUVs than the propofol/isoflurane group. We concluded that each anesthetic protocol exerted a different regional brain glucose uptake pattern. As a result, when comparing brain glucose uptake using PET/CT, one should consider the effects of anesthetic protocols on different regions of the glucose uptake in the dog's brain.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—FDG‐PET/CT OF A CANINE SPLENIC PLASMA CELL TUMOR

An 8‐year‐old Shih Tzu developed abdominal pain and hyperglobulinemia. A round splenic mass was noted radiographically and sonographically. The patient was evaluated by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT). There was no evidence of metastasis or bone marrow involvement on PET/CT images. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of the splenic mass was increased over the reference range (SUV=4.83). The patient was diagnosed as splenic extramedullary plasmacytoma through immunohistopathologic study. After the splenectomy, the globulin level normalized and the patient is alive without complications.     

FDG‐PET IN HEALTHY AND EPILEPTIC LAGOTTO ROMAGNOLO DOGS AND CHANGES IN BRAIN GLUCOSE UPTAKE WITH AGE

Regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow can be measured noninvasively with positron emission tomography (PET). 2‐[¹⁸F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) widely serves as a PET tracer in human patients with epilepsy to identify the seizure focus. The goal of this prospective study was to determine whether juvenile or adult dogs with focal‐onset epilepsy exhibit abnormal cerebral glucose uptake interictally and whether glucose uptake changes with age. We used FDG‐PET to examine six Lagotto Romagnolo dogs with juvenile epilepsy, two dogs with adult‐onset epilepsy, and five control dogs of the same breed at different ages. Three researchers unaware of dog clinical status visually analyzed co‐registered PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Results of the visual PET analyses were compared with electroencephalography (EEG) results. In semiquantitative analysis, relative standard uptake values (SUV) of regions of interest (ROI) drawn to different brain regions were compared between epileptic and control dogs. Visual analysis revealed areas of hypometabolism interictally in five out of six dogs with juvenile epilepsy in the occipital, temporal, and parietal cortex. Changes in EEG occurred in three of these dogs in the same areas where PET showed cortical hypometabolism. Visual analysis showed no abnormalities in cerebral glucose uptake in dogs with adult‐onset epilepsy. Semiquantitative analysis detected no differences between epileptic and control dogs. This result emphasizes the importance of visual analysis in FDG‐PET studies of epileptic dogs. A change in glucose uptake was also detected with age. Glucose uptake values increased between dog ages of 8 and 28 weeks and then remained constant.     

液驱混合动力SUV制动能量回收研究

在分析液驱混合动力运动型多用途车(SUV)工作原理的基础上,通过对制动能量回收的重要部件——蓄能器模型的描述,结合整车动力学模型,并以某SUV为例,对二次元件不同恒转矩制动工况下的制动能量回收进行仿真与分析。结果显示该液驱混合动力系统能够有效地实现制动与制动能量回收。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSIOLOGIC 18F‐FDG UPTAKE WITH PET‐CT IN DOGS

We evaluated the whole body distribution of 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d ‐glucose (¹⁸F‐FDG) in seven beagle dogs using positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The mean and maximum standard uptake values (SUV) for various tissues were computed. The SUV of the aortic blood pool was 0.65±0.19. Moderate uptake was present in brain (3.40±1.01). Mild uptake was present in orbital muscles, soft palate, laryngeal and pharyngeal region, mandibular salivary gland, myocardium, liver, pancreas, kidney, and intestine. ¹⁸F‐FDG uptake would be normally higher in these tissues because of normal physiologic activity. Mean and maximum SUV values of the eye, skeletal muscle, bone tissue, spleen, adrenal gland, stomach, tongue, gall bladder, and lung were similar to or lower than that of the aortic blood pool. These data provide a normal baseline for comparing pathologic ¹⁸F‐FDG uptake.     

THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL ORGAN UPTAKE OF 2-DEOXY-2-[18F]FLUORO-d-GLUCOSE (18FDG) WITH POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IN THE NORMAL DOG

Positron emission tomography (PET) has found widespread application for staging and monitoring neoplastic diseases in humans. PET is becoming more available in veterinary medicine, therefore biodistribution of 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro- d -glucose (¹⁸FDG) in normal dogs is needed for lesion interpretation in disease states. A large field-of-view (FOV) PET scanner with a 70 cm bore diameter and a 53-cm FOV was used in this study to acquire dynamic ¹⁸FDG uptake data from parenchymal organs in seven normal dogs. A 2-h, dynamic list-mode acquisition was initiated simultaneously with intravenous ¹⁸FDG injection. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn over liver, spleen, left and right renal cortices, left ventricular free wall, and thymus. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) of these organs were calculated for 24 5-min frames over the 2-h acquisition. This SUV data from parenchymal organs of normal dogs compares favorably with those of normal humans and will be used in ongoing canine studies using PET to evaluate various diseases.     

CRISPR/Cas13d介导猪胎儿成纤维细胞SUV39H1/SUV39H2基因敲降

研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas13d系统对猪胎儿成纤维细胞（PEF）中的胚胎发育相关基因SUV39H1/SUV39H2进行RNA水平的敲降，从而在猪上建立CRISPR/Cas13d介导的基因敲降系统。根据SUV39H1、SUV39H2基因的编码序列各设计3个靶向编码链的sgRNAs，并以单链寡核苷酸的形式合成，退火后与BspQⅠ线性化的sgRNA表达载体进行连接，构建SUV39H1-sgRNA和SUV39H2-sgRNA表达载体，用Sanger软件进行测序；将Cas13d表达载体和靶向SUV39H1/SUV39H2基因的sgRNA载体按照1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、2∶1和4∶1比例转染猪胎儿成纤维细胞，48 h后收集细胞，用流式细胞术分选检测细胞转染效率，用半定量PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测敲降效率；用半定量PCR和免疫荧光检测敲降SUV39H1/SUV39H2基因后，靶基因转录水平及组蛋白H3K9me3水平的变化。测序结果表明，针对2个基因设计的各3条sgRNAs均成功连入载体中；流式细胞术分选结果显示，转染效率约70%；半定量PCR结果表明，与对照组相比，3个sgRNAs均极显著降低了SUV39H1和SUV39H2基因的表达（P<0.01），其中SUV39H1-sgRNA-2和SUV39H2-sgRNA-1均可使SUV39H1和SUV39H2的表达降低50%；Cas13d∶sgRNA为1∶1、1∶2和1∶4组细胞的存活率高于2∶1和4∶1组；实时荧光定量PCR结果表明，Cas13d∶sgRNA为1∶2、1∶4、2∶1和4∶1组敲降效率均显著高于1∶1组（P<0.05），且Cas13d∶sgRNA为1∶2组敲降效率最高（70%）。半定量PCR结果显示，转染SUV39H1-sgRNA-2和SUV39H2-sgRNA-1极显著降低SUV39H1和SUV39H2的表达，表达量为对照组的25%~30%（P<0.01）。免疫荧光检测结果表明，敲降SUV39H1和SUV39H2基因后，组蛋白H3K9me3水平显著降低（P<0.05）。因此，本研究利用CRISPR/Cas13d系统在猪胎儿成纤维细胞中成功敲降SUV39H1和SUV39H2，并下调其催化的H3K9me3水平。     

SUV与湖南多功能车

对SUV的概念进行了初步界定,对其市场状况进行了较详细的分析,从国内产业布局和猎豹SUV产品与企业的分析入手,对如何将湖南这一优势产业做大做强,从规划制定、政府调控、产品拓展、品质提高、成本降低等方面进行了探讨。     

电控液驱技术应用于SUV探讨

"节能环保"是当今所要解决的首要问题。本文针对严重的世界能源问题,探讨在耗能大户——SUV车上利用新型车辆电控液驱驱动系统来提高能源利用率,改善车辆的经济性、排放性及驾驶安全性等等多方面性能,同时又兼顾现有SUV车辆结构,最大限度地利用现有资源而进行结构改进的研究。