表面技术在内燃机气缸套中的新进展

论述了气缸套的失效机理，针对这一缺点，较全面地阐述了当前表面技术在气缸套上的应用现状，并提出了未来气缸套的发展方向。为同行提供了参考和启迪，也为拓宽热喷涂技术的应用指明了一个方向。     

珠江三角洲陶瓷工业污染区植被受害证据与启示

以长期暴露在大气污染胁迫下的村边林为对象,进行植物群落结构调查、植物受害分析,探讨了陶瓷工业污染排放对植被的影响。调查样地位于广东南海区五星村边坡地的半自然次生林内,乔木层和灌木、草本幼苗层的调查分别在10个10m×10m和4个5m×5m的样方内进行。该森林群落以隆缘桉和尾叶桉数量占优势,其次是乡土树种鸭脚木、泥竹,重要值依次为26.75、17.08、16.27和11.50。隆缘桉和马尾松冠层枝叶完全枯死、脱落,受害程度达100%;其次是泥竹和南岭黄檀受害程度分别为85.1%和68.3%。尾叶桉、朴树、越南山龙眼、阴香、黄荆受害程度中等,在45%—57.5%之间;其它伴生本土种类如鸭脚木、珊瑚树、酒饼叶、等的重要值较低且表现出受害程度较严重。和上层乔木比较,林下植被受污染的伤害大大降低。桉树类树种因其速生、快速郁闭等特点被认为是华南荒山、退化丘陵地区植被恢复的重要种类,但在重度污染地区已面临严重威胁,而某些乡土树种在污染地区则显示出较强的抵御大气污染的能力。本文结果为污染地区森林资源管理,退化生态系统植被恢复之树种选择以及进一步开展乡土树种抵御大气污染胁迫的过程机制与功能特征的研究提供科学基础。     

The effect of ceramic coating of fire-retardant wood on combustibility and weatherability

In order to develop a fireproof wooden material, the synergic effect of fire-retardant chemicals and wood coatings was studied. The fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter. Impregnation of fire retardants including polyphosphatic carbamate, and ceramic coatings including alkoxy metal salt improved the fire performance of wooden materials. This treatment made it possible to meet the guidelines for fire performance of noncombustible materials in Japan. In addition to the vacuum-pressure impregnation treatment, hot-and-cold-bath impregnation treatment is an effective way to develop fire-retardant wood by impregnating fire retardant and ceramic coating. The weatherability of the developed material was also investigated. The ceramic coating was resistant to light and moisture. Part of this report was presented at 54th Annual Meeting (Sapporo, August 2004) and the 55th Annual Meeting (Kyoto, March 2005) of the Japan Wood Research Society     

表面技术在内燃机气缸套中的新进展

论述了气缸套的失效机理,针对这一缺点,较全面地阐述了当前表面技术在气缸套上的应用现状,并提出了未来气缸套的发展方向.为同行提供了参考和启迪,也为拓宽热喷涂技术的应用指明了一个方向.     

Carboxymethyl lignin as stabilizing agent in aqueous ceramic suspensions

Identifying new uses for residues of industries that process large quantities of biomass, as in bioethanol production, is essential for a sustainable development with reduced impact on the environment, which is the reason why many efforts have been devoted to find noble uses for lignins. In this study, a lignin obtained from sugarcane bagasse in a bioethanol producing plant was carboxymethylated to yield the water-soluble carboxymethyl lignin (CML), which was then used as stabilizing agent in aqueous alumina (Al₂O₃) suspensions. CML had a degree of substitution 0.46 ± 0.01, in relation to the C9 unit of lignin, and behaved as a polyelectrolyte in a large pH range owing to the dissociation of carboxylic groups. The action of CML as stabilizing agent of alumina aqueous suspensions was investigated using viscometry, zeta potential, and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) measurements, mainly as a function of pH and time. Overall, the results showed that CML had a good performance as a deflocculating agent, because it led to dispersions with low viscosity and small change in particle size as a function of time. The positive effect from the addition of CML was confirmed in the morphological features of the material obtained from the alumina suspensions after elimination of water, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. The stabilization of alumina suspensions afforded by CML opens the way for similar applications of modified lignins, whose electrical and structural properties may be tuned for specific uses in various industries, including the ceramic industry.     

茶皂素膜滤分离纯化放大实验

茶皂素是从茶饼粕提取的一种五环三萜类混合物,其成分复杂,纯化方法较多,但都存在着成本较高,收率较低,纯度不高的现象。在原有的研究基础上采用陶瓷膜超滤结合有机膜纳滤浓缩技术对茶皂素进行分离纯化,并在工业上进行小试试验,结果表明,经过0.02μm的超滤陶瓷膜和截留分子量在200～1000Da的有机纳滤膜浓缩后,经喷雾干燥,产品的纯度从51%提高到88.2%,得率为68.2%。     

环保型陶瓷/金属低温钎料的研究与开发

进行了陶瓷／金属连接用低温钎料的研制。通过合金设计，提出了符合要求的钎料配方，经温度、润湿性、力学性能和抗腐蚀性的测定及金相分析，证明所提出的钎料符合要求，并提出了相应的钎焊技术。     

陶瓷/硬质合金/陶瓷夹层复合片应力分析模型

推导了由于热膨胀系数不同，在热压烧结陶瓷／硬质合金夹层复合片内引起的残余应力计算公式；分析了夹层复合片产生热裂纹的原因及影响因素，所得结论对研制陶瓷／硬质合金夹层复合刀片有一定的指导作用。     

陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状及在发动机上的应用展望

在陶瓷材料的基础上采用各种增韧手段和改变材料结构制备的陶瓷基复合材料,具有耐磨、耐高温和耐侵蚀性能,是满足机械性能要求的发动机热端零件的理想材料。本文论述了陶瓷基复合材料的性能、制备方法,讨论了陶瓷基复合材料在发动机上的应用前景及评价。     

陶瓷材料电加工表面粗糙度的预测

针对电加工工艺参数与性能指标的函数映射关系大多具有非线性的特征，提出了将BP神经网络引入电加工领域中。考虑到BP算法的不足，提出用遗传算法来优化BP神经网络的连接权值，设计了基于进化神经网络的学习算法，建立了陶瓷材料电加工表面粗糙度随工艺参数变化的预测模型。试验结果表明，该算法可以避免BP神经网络易陷入局部极小值等问题，预测精度高，相对误差在4％之内，进而验证了该模型的可靠性。