金水乌鸡PRL基因多态性研究

[目的]研究金水乌鸡PRL基因多态性,为金水乌鸡的保种和持续选育与提高积累分子基础数据。[方法]采用PCR-RFLP方法研究金水乌鸡白羽丝毛系165只乌鸡PRL基因多态性,分别采用HaeⅢ和HhaⅠ2种内切酶对各DNA样品的PCR产物进行单酶切,分析基因型与产蛋数的相关。[结果]金水乌鸡PRL基因的PCR产物的HhaⅠ酶切片段未出现多态性。金水乌鸡PRL基因的PCR产物的HaeⅢ酶切片段呈现RFLP多态性,有AA、AB、BB3种基因型,A基因频率较高。相关分析结果表明,不同基因型的产蛋数差异不显著。[结论]A基因可能是影响产蛋数的优势基因。     

玉米须无糖饮料加工工艺优化及成分分析

以玉米须和金银花为主要原料制备玉米须无糖饮料,通过正交试验优化了玉米须无糖饮料配方,并分析了玉米须无糖饮料的主要香气成分。结果表明,优化的玉米须无糖饮料配方为玉米须和金银花比例2∶1,料液比1∶100,熬煮时间60 min,柠檬酸、甜菊甙和木糖醇质量分数分别为0.10%、0.07%、0.30%。主要香气成分为芳樟醇7.89%、壬醛4.44%、α-松油醇4.23%、苯乙醛3.39%、大马酮2.97%、3-壬烯-5-酮2.88%。所得玉米须无糖饮料的滋味酸甜可口,风味纯正,略带茶香且清香柔和,颜色金黄,具有玉米须和金银花的特有香气,产品质量符合国家标准。     

在大肠杆菌内高效表达大分子量拟蜘蛛牵丝蛋白

依据已报道的蜘蛛(Nephilaclavipes)牵丝蛋白部分cDNA序列,设计合成两种不同结构的拟蜘蛛牵丝蛋白基因单体,大小分别为360和390bp。多聚化得到8倍体和16倍体后,克隆到表达载体pET-30a,得到4种表达载体,转化大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)BL21(DE3)诱导表达。用自制的抗蜘蛛牵丝蛋白血清Westernblot检测,表达产物呈梯度排列,主带与预计大小一致。蜘蛛牵丝蛋白表达量最高为800mg/L。     

Actinomycin X2, an Antimicrobial Depsipeptide from Marine-Derived Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus Applied as a Good Natural Dye for Silk Fabric

Actinomycins as clinical medicine have been extensively studied, while few investigations were conducted to discover the feasibility of actinomycins as antimicrobial natural dye contributing to the medical value of the functional fabrics. This study was focused on the application of actinomycin X2 (Ac.X2), a peptide pigment cultured from marine-derived Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus, in the dyeing and finishing of silk fabric. The dyeing potential of Ac.X2 with silk vs. cotton fabrics was assessed. As a result, the silk fabric exhibited greater uptake and color fastness with Ac.X2. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, some changes of chemical property for the dyed fabric and Ac.X2 were studied. The silk fabric dyed with Ac.X2 exhibited good UV protection ability. The antibacterial properties of dyed and finished silk were also evaluated, which exhibited over 90% antibacterial activity even after 20 washing cycles. In addition, the brine shrimp assay was conducted to evaluate the general toxicity of the tested fabric, and the results indicated that the dyed silk fabrics had a good biological safety property.     

Analysis of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Images of Protein from Posterior Silk Gland of Silkworm （Bombyx mort） on Day 1 and Day 4 in the 5th Instar Stage

The posterior silk gland （PSG） of silkworm is an important organ where fibroin is synthesized and secreted exclusively. Because fibroin constitutes 75-80% of the silk filament, the mechanism governing fibroin secretion, quality and yield of cocoon can be elucidated by the study on the PSG. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and image analysis system, the changes in the protein composition in the PSG cell were investigated on the day 1 （D1） and day 4 （D4） in the 5th instar stage from five different strains of silkworm （Bombyx mori）. While differences at protein level between days and strains were far less than those observed at the gene level using EST analysis. The change trends in protein composition from D1 to D4 were diverse among the different strains. The results suggest that the secretion of fibroin is regulated by multiple proteins. The site of regulation and the proteins responsible for the regulation vary with the strain, which leads to differences between strains in the capacity of fibroin secretion in the PSG cell.     

不同水解程度丝素肽对黑色素生成抑制能力的研究

探讨了脱胶丝素经盐溶解后进行碱水解时 ,不同条件对丝素水解程度及不同水解程度丝素肽对蚕血黑色素生成的抑制能力的影响 .结果发现 ,温度对丝素的水解程度影响最大 ,时间其次 ,浓度的影响最小 ;丝素蛋白液未水解时 ,其对黑色素抑制率很低 ,只有 2 8.34% ,而丝素水解后 ,抑制率迅速提高到 4 8.95 % ,并且随着水解程度的加深不断提高 ,当氨基氮浓度达 0 .4 76 5g·L-1时 ,其对黑色素生成抑制率达最高值 6 7.14 % ;之后 ,随着水解程度的增加 ,其黑色素生成抑制率反而下降 .     

玉米花丝多糖的提取制备与抑菌作用研究

本研究以玉米花丝为原料提取多糖.选取花丝类型、花丝和水的比例、温度和时间4个因素,采用L9(34)正交设计,两次重复.结果表明:玉米花丝多糖提取的最佳方法为:采用老花丝,花丝和水比例为1:6,60℃水浴2.5 h,提取率为3.65％.通过浓缩、离心、沉淀等过程,并去除蛋白质、色素等杂质,得到玉米花丝粗多糖.将粗多糖进行...     

天然染料大黄对纳米TiO2改性丝素膜染色的研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2改性丝素复合膜,用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察,发现纳米TiO2均匀地分散在丝素中,粒子之间有明显的连续相,没有出现明显的相分离现象,其粒径约为80 nm。改性后的丝素膜,其上染率和色牢度均比纯丝素膜大大提高。     

华南农业大学农事训练课程的理论与实践——以养蚕与缫丝课为例

以养蚕与缫丝课程模块为例,对其课程内容安排、教学特点、考核方法进行分析,并对其所面临的问题展开探讨,旨在为进一步提高相关实践教学效果提供借鉴。     

基于天然蚕丝及蜘蛛丝蛋白的生物材料研究进展

节肢动物由于生理及生存需要可分泌丝蛋白,并由所分泌的丝蛋白溶液纺制成具有优良机械性能与生物相容性能的丝纤维。根据仿生学原理,材料科学领域研制出多种基于丝蛋白的生物材料,与天然丝类似,这些生物材料具备优良的力学性能与生物相容性,在生物医学领域具有重要的应用价值。本文综述了基于丝蛋白的生物材料研究进展,以桑蚕丝及蜘蛛丝为例,重点分析了天然丝蛋白结构与性能的关系,并阐述了基于丝蛋白生物材料的制备方法及近年来相关材料制备研究方面的研究进展。