草鱼免疫防病技术操作方法

草鱼免疫保证有效抗原和防止抗原流失,是免疫成功的关键;组织免疫服务队伍是持久普及推广免疫防病技术的保证措施。     

刍议资料室对重点学科的信息支持

本文从资料室和重点学科建设与发展的关系出发,论述了重点学科资料室工作的特殊性与重点学科文献资源收集的基本原则,提出了一些重点学科文献资源支持的具体途径。     

Reproductive roles predict sexual dimorphism in internal and external morphology of lake whitefish,Coregonus clupeaformis

Abstract – The different reproductive roles of the sexes can predict the direction and magnitude of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology. Males should have enlarged structures that enhance the acquisition of mating opportunities, whereas females are predicted to have enlarged organs that are associated with the production of eggs. We tested these predictions in male and female lake whitefish, a species in which both sexes have similar overall body size and shape. After controlling for body size, male lake whitefish had significantly longer jaws and pectoral and pelvic fins, larger hearts, and more muscle than females. Sexual dimorphism in relative muscle mass may be one of the most fundamental morphological differences between males and females. Females had relatively heavier livers than males. Because the liver is important for the breakdown of fats and vitellogenesis, selection should favour an enlarged liver in females for the processing of energy and the production of large numbers of eggs.     

Imperfect Competition and Common Resource Exploitation—An Analysis of Renewable Resource Management with Non—use Values

This article analyzes the importance of non-use values in the management of natural resources with a model of imperfect competition.By constucting a framework of duopolistic exploiters.the incorporation of non-use values based on self-interest and altruistic motives appears to be significant for determining the degree of inefficiency caused by the problem of common property at the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium.It is found that when the non-use value placed by the altruist exploiter is bounded by that placed by the pure selfinterest exploiter,the effect of market power is dominated by the effect of common exploitation.In this case,the exploiters‘ harvesting strategy will response in the same direction to the change of each other‘s harvesting at the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium.In contrast,when the non-use value placed by the altruist is substantially larger or smaller than that placed by the self-interest exploiter,one exploiter‘s increase in harvesting will lead to a decrease in harvesting of the other exploiter at the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium.     

加强我院职工队伍素质建设，积极参与市场竞争

国家林业局昆明勘察设计院职工队伍存在着：知识结构单一，缺乏复合型高级人才；离退休人员过多，职工负担过重；市场观念淡薄，竞争意识不强；功能单一，机制不活，职工队伍缺乏生机和活力等诸多问题。自1984年实行差额拨款后，已经采取了以下措施：建立“能上能下”的干部选拔任用机制；建立“能进能出”的人才管理机制；建立“能多能少”的弹性分配机制。并对今后工作提出了若干建议。     

Effects of winter wheat cultivars and seed rate on the biological characteristics of naturally occurring weed flora

Summary Differential competitive ability of six winter wheat cultivars and traits that confer such attributes were investigated for a range of seed rates in the presence or absence of weeds for a naturally occurring weed flora in two successive years in split-plot field experiments. Crop height and tillering capacity were considered suitable attributes for weed suppression, although competitiveness is a relative rather than an absolute characteristic. Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon were the most competitive cultivars whereas Fresco was the least competitive. Manipulation of seed rate was a more reliable factor than cultivar selection for enhancement of weed suppression, although competitiveness of cultivars Buster, Riband and Maris Widgeon was not enhanced by increased seed rate. Crop densities ranging between 125 and 270 plants m⁻² were found to offer adequate weed suppression. Linear relationships were observed between individual and total weed species dry weight and reproductive structures per unit area.     

窥探我国果农的合作之路

改革开放以来,我国果业迅猛发展,但产销体制很不完善,产品本身不等于商品,更不等于有了稳定畅销的渠道和市场份额。分散的个体果农户面对竞争的市场,犹如汪洋大海中的叶叶扁舟,显得无能为力。果农协会组织和引领分散果农走向市场,作为利益共享、风险共担的非盈利组织形式,在国外已经是成功的经验和模式,应成为我们之鉴。为振兴我国果业,合作化是我国个体果农的必由之路。果农协会应当实行完全民主化运作,避免“权力”的介入而使之变为“半官方化”、“机关化”和“官僚化”。政府应在制订政策条例、协助开拓市场、科技服务等方面发挥其作用。果农的教育和科技水平亟待提高,民主意识亟待培养和增强。政府在这些方面大有可为。     

旅游地空间竞争与弱势旅游地的发展研究

本文在介绍旅游地空间竞争的基础上 ,导入弱势旅游地的概念。并以游客吸引半径为尺度 ,对西安和宝鸡的客源市场竞争进行分析。最后总结了发展弱势旅游地的契机和方法。     

The ecological fitness of ALS-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus and multiple-resistant Amaranthus blitoides

Summary Field studies were conducted to evaluate the ecological fitness of Amaranthus spp. biotypes that evolved resistance to either acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors ( A. retroflexus , SuR), to triazine herbicides ( A. blitoides , SuS/TR), or to both ( A. blitoides , SuR/TR), and estimate their ecological fitness under competitive conditions. The plants were grown in monoculture and in replacement series experiments. The examined mixtures were 100%S, 75%S/25%R, 50%S/50%R, 25%S/75%R and 100%R, at a constant stand of 400 plants m⁻². The SuR and SuS A. retroflexus biotypes attained similar shoot dry biomass per plant, biomass per plot and relative yield total (RYT) = 1. In monoculture, the final shoot biomass of A. blitoides biotypes SuS/TS plants was higher than that of SuR/TR and SuS/TR. A negative effect of association was observed, amensalism, when SuS/TS was grown in mixture with SuR/TR, in favour of the wild type. However, SuR/TR and SuS/TR biomass was not influenced by the presence of the competitor. These data support the hypothesis that the ALS-resistance trait in A. retroflexus and A. blitoides is not associated with growth penalty and did not incur ecological cost in the field. We suggest that the cause of the observed reduction in growth rendering the SuS/TR and SuR/TR less fit than the wild type is due to the triazine resistance, and may facilitate their dissipation.