煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标临界值的优化

为了提高煤与瓦斯突出预测的准确性、保障采掘工作面的安全、高效推进和降低防突工程成本,根据“三率”(预测突出率、突出预测准确率、不突出预测准确率)各自具有的合理区间属性和权重,以张集煤矿采掘工作面为例,采用区间数关联决策方法,得出综合预测指标 F ′的最优化区间为［370,380］;根据加权灰靶决策方法,得出预测指标临界值排序为400、390、380等;取最优化区间和排序靠前的临界值的交集,得到煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标 F ′的临界值为380,并开展现场应用。结果表明,考虑评价指标的区间属性,并取预测指标区间与排序靠前的临界值的交集作为煤与瓦斯突出预测综合指标 F ′的最优临界值方法是合理的。     

The Ultrafine Physical Structure Characteristics of Coal

The amorphous structure characteristics of coal and their variation regularity are discussed.The pore structure features and models of coal have been reviewed in detail.     

Indexes optimization of outburst forecast while a rock cross-cut coal is uncovered by pulsed water jet

To obtain the best outburst prediction index of rock cross-cut coal uncovering slotted by pulsed water jet,the effects of the rigidity coefficient’s measured value and the initial velocity of gas diffusion to the integrative indexes D and K are analyzed based on the dynamic evolution of coal crake field under water jet. Thus the integrative indexes D and K are excluded. A grey relation model of outburst prediction indexes(K1,S and P)from 7 coal mine’ rock cross-cut coal uncovering in Chongqing,Sichuan and Henan is set up. And the grey relation degrees of the 3 prediction indexes to outburst hazard are calculated by using grey relational analysis method. The results show that the outburst hazard can be more accurately reflected by the cuttings desorption index K1 when a cross-cut coal uncovering slotted by pulsed water jet,and it should be considered as the best outburst prediction index.     

Analysis on AE characteristic and its confining pressure effect of outburst coal containing gas

Briquette samples made of outburst coal are taken as study objects to study AE characteristic and its confining pressure effect by using self-developed equipment, Shimazu servo test machine and AE monitor system, and the characteristic of AE parameters are analyzed, too. The results show that in the process of outburst coal containing gas triaxial compression, there is no serious dense or sparse area of AE events, but three relative dense appear in compression phase, middle area of linear elastic stage and near peaking phase area so that the characteristic of AE events look like three peaks. But the amplitude of AE events is small and the good consistency between energy change and amplitude change is showed. Microstructure change caused by external stress field change, fracture and fragmentation of particle of samples, movement besides particle of samples and microstructure change caused by dissipation of gas are the sources of AE events. The number of AE events is reduced as the confining pressure is increased, but the influence on total number of AE events caused by confining pressure show nonlinear, expressed by quadratic function. The number of larger amplitude of AE events show decreasing tendency as the confining pressure is increased, the relation between numbers of AE events whose amplitude is more than certain value and confining pressure is expressed by quadratic function.     

RESEARCH ON THE MECHANISM OF GAS OUTBURST INITATION IN MINES

The mechanism of coal-gas outburst iniration is comprehensively analysed. The direct courses of initating coal-gas outburst are the sudden loss of confining stresses and the gas pressure gradient in coal seam. The effects of working face's advancing rate, geological conditions and gas pressure gradient as well as mechanical & physical characteristics of coal on outburst initation are expounded by means of mathematic analyses about gas seepage which takes place in coal seams. The results are of certain practical significance and reference value to further quantitive study of outburst and its predication.     

Technique of Classification of Coal and Gas Outburst Mines

managing the coal mines according their dangerous grade determined. can decrease the engineering quanity and lessen the sightless characteristic. It has marked benefit for community and great economic benefit. The dangerous grade of outburst mines are determined Outburst coal mines are classified into mines with serious outburst hazard, mines with middle outburst hazard and mines with ordinary outburst hazard. Twelve classification indicators are used in comprehensively evaluating the dangerous grade of outburst mines. The dangerous grade of outburst mines are determined according to the principle of the most subjection with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, on the basis of the classification indicators and its quantification. By the model founded, some coal mines are studied and the research results are accordant with the fact.     

Dynamic superposition and simulation research on flowing of gas outburst and mine ventilation network

In allusion to the “5·30”especially serious coal and gas outburst accident of Tonghua coal mine of Songzao Coal Electricity Group CO., LTD in 2009, a detailed simulation of the mutation process of mine ventilation system during gas outburst disaster period is done by using theory of ventilation network with sources and numerical simulation technology (we develop a computer simulation system). Three changing processes, namely outburst overflow, natural flow and ventilation downstream occurs in the ventilation system after outburst. Due to the expanded power of outburst source, gas enters main ventilation roadways at first, and flows outward, and flows counter-current along main intake air roadway, and then enters low air quantity roadways with air doors or underground chamber, which leads to gas concentration overrun and threat to the whole mine. After outburst, gas power disappears. Due to the action of gas natural ventilation pressure, mine ventilation may begin to flow naturally. After the ventilation systems are restored, gas flows with the wind as a result of the power of the main fan. Due to the interference of gas natural ventilation pressure, the operating points of main fans may drift (relative to roadway structure), but the operating points recover with the discharge of gas. It is worth noting that the detention time of gas in low air quantity roadways and underground chambers is relatively long, and the gas becomes continuous gas supply sources, so it is dangerous. In addition, the delayed pour between main roadways and by-pass low air quantity roadways and the gas natural ventilation pressure caused by gas detention may lead to airflow disorder of reversion in some local circuits, and may enlarge the affected range of gas, or lead to the delay and detention of gas discharge.     

Key Layer and Stress Dike Mechanism of Coal and Gas Outbursts

The outburst coal mass is a geologic body which had objectively existed before outbursts occurred.The authors think the occurrence and development of coal and gas outbursts are controlled by comprehensive factors according to a host of facts of outbursts in their researches,and all the factors belong to the system of "rock coal gas rock".Therefore the authors put forward a completely hypothesis,i.e.key layer and stress dike mechanism of coal and gas outbursts.This hypothesis emphasizes that the outbursts are the result of comprehensive action by coalbed gas,abutment stress and physical and mechanical properties of coal.Of special interest is emphasizing the geologic backgroud and conditions of outbursts to a great extent.Any phenomenon of outbursts which a person could observe could be qualitatively explained with the hypothesis so that the hypothesis can serve the study of geophysical field of outbursts perfectly.     

人工坝溃决洪水峰顶流量计算公式应用于滑坡堵江坝的可行性探讨

滑坡堵江事件在山区广泛发育,堵江形成的天然坝的稳定性一般不高,在暴雨、地震等诱发因素的作用下可能发生溃决,溃坝洪水对下游河道及沿江两岸的各种设施及居民生命造成巨大威胁,因此溃坝洪水计算意义重大,而峰顶流量和洪水演进过程中洪峰高度的变化直接决定了溃坝洪水的灾害程度。利用谢任之教授提出的人工坝溃决洪水计算方法,根据滑坡天然坝体溃决的实际情况,合理地分析溃口形态,调整了溃口宽度的取值方法,并将其应用于滑坡堵江天然坝瞬时溃决洪水峰顶流量计算中,经历史溃坝实例验证计算结果可靠,为天然坝溃决洪水峰顶流量计算提供了新的思路和方法,也为溃坝洪水灾害评价提供了重要依据。