一种新的药用真菌--瓦尼木层孔菌(杨黄)

瓦尼木层孔菌(杨黄)是一种新的药用真菌发现在吉林省长白山地区，它属于担子菌门的锈革孔菌科。由于它生长在杨树上，且子实层表面为黄色，故当地人称之为杨黄。本文对该菌进行了详细介绍。     

缓解高蛋白日粮引发禽痛风的典型药物比较试验

将200只22日龄罗曼肉鸡随机均分5组,以筛选能缓解高蛋白日粮引发痛风症的最佳药物。经5周试验,与未添加药物的对照组相比:①VA组能降低25%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高12.83%(P<0.01)的增重速度和8.43%的饲料报酬,对肠胃无不良影响;②别嘌呤醇(Allopuri-nol)组能降低22.5%(P<0.01)的痛风,提高11.95%(P<0.01)的增重速度和7.66%的饲料报酬,但产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;③苯溴马隆(Benzbromarone)组能降低20%(P<0.05)的痛风,提高11.5%(P<0.01)的增重速度和6.51%的饲料报酬,但也产生了5%(P>0.05)的其他腹泻病;④爱西特(Medicinalcharcoalcapsules)组能降低30%(P<0.01)的痛风,对肠胃无不良影响,但降低了3.54%(P>0.05)的增重速度和3.83%的饲料报酬。     

枸骨的药用功效与保健作用

该文系统地综述了枸骨的化学成分和药用价值,并讨论了枸骨资源今后的开发与利用前景。     

厦门市忠仑公园药用植物园规划设计初步探析

随着景观改造的多样性,药用植物园也成为城市园林营造景观的一种方式。厦门市忠仑公园集科普、教育、观赏功能为一体,药用植物园区景观改造以人为本,以科普教育为宗旨,在保证药用植物景观的基本功能的前提下,塑造优美的景观,既能弘扬中华民族药用文化知识,又能为周边居民提供一个互动学习科普知识、修养身心的场所。     

镇巴县药用大黄林药间作技术研究

为研究药用大黄林药间作的关键技术,于陕西省镇巴县盐场镇响洞村退耕香椿林地下移栽一年生药用大黄种苗,并测定其生长发育情况。结果表明,药用大黄生物量的积累随种植年度的增加而增加,第1年增长较为缓慢,第2年、第3年增速较快;不同郁闭度对药用大黄生物量的积累有显著性影响,当郁闭度为40%时,生物量积累最为显著,药用大黄平均单根鲜重高达5.3 kg。镇巴县药用大黄与香椿树林药间作,可以有效地缓解土地资源匮乏,保护野生资源不被破坏,同时也是生态种植的一种应用,为镇巴县林药间作模式提供有效的技术支撑。     

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Selected Plants on the Growth of the Mycelial Form of Histoplasma capsulatum Variety farciminosum in Ethiopia

Epizootic lymphangitis is prevalent in equines in Ethiopia, causing remarkable economic and welfare impacts but often neglected. Lack of effective treatment contributed to its continued occurrence, and hence, search for an effective treatment should be considered a priority area to minimize its impacts. Previous ethnobotanical studies have reported that Curcuma longa, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Datura stramonium were used to treat cutaneous fungal infections and reduce their incidence. The treatment effects of these plants against epizootic lymphangitis should be studied. The in vitro growth inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of the root of C. longa, berry of P. dodecandra, and leaf of D. stramonium were evaluated. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum was isolated from clinical cases of epizootic lymphangitis in carthorses in central Ethiopia. The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Serial twofold dilutions of the extract of berries of P. dodecandra and leaves of D. stramonium were done in sterile water, whereas dilution of the extract of roots of C. longa was done in dimethylsulphoxide. The effects of the plants on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum were assessed by agar dilution assay. Culture media with no antifungal agent and media containing ketoconazole served as negative and positive control, respectively. The methanol extract of C. longa showed inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 5 mg/mL. Similarly, the methanol extract of P. dodecandra showed growth inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. That is, the growth inhibitory concentration of C. longa was 0.07 mg/mL, whereas that of P. dodecandra was 0.156 mg/mL. In contrast, D. stramonium showed no inhibitory effect. This preliminary observation showed that methanol extracts of C. longa and P. dodecandra showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum requiring further repeated in vitro evaluation so as to generate adequate evidence, which would justify in vivo trials.     

松针粉的研究及应用进展

松针粉富含多种营养成分,并且具有一定的药用价值。文章对我国松针的资源概况、松针粉的营养价值、药效及在生产上的应用情况进行概述,并对松针粉未来的研究方向进行展望。     

苍耳等药用植物提取物对小菜蛾的拒食作用和产卵忌避效果

室内采用叶碟法,研究苍耳(Xanthium sibiricumPetril)等8种药用植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾(Plutel-la xylostella)的拒食和产卵忌避活性。结果表明,苍耳(果实)、雷公藤(根)和商陆(根)乙醇提取物对小菜蛾4龄幼虫的取食均有较强的抑制作用,选择性拒食率分别为86.16%、49.06%和43.82%;非选择性拒食效果仍以苍耳(果实)提取物最好,达45.23%。选择性产卵忌避率以雷公藤(根)提取物为最高(69.52%),其次是苍耳(果实)和山苍树(枝叶)提取物,分别为62.50%和57.72%,雷公藤(根)、商陆(根)、窃衣(茎叶)和苍耳(果实)的非选择性产卵忌避作用均在77%以上。苍耳和雷公藤提取物在对小菜蛾的拒食和产卵忌避的各测试中,均表现较强活性。     

药用植物半夏细胞悬浮培养和植株再生体系建立研究

为了建立甘肃产药用植物半夏的细胞悬浮培养和植株再生体系,通过对其不同外质体筛选、愈伤组织诱导和悬浮培养的愈伤组织类型、激素水平、起始密度、震荡速率等影响因素以及细胞生长状态、生长曲线和pH值变化等指标的研究.结果表明:以叶柄为外质体,选择"松散型"愈伤组织和2×105个/mL的起始培养密度,在附加2,4-D 2.0 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L的1/2 MS培养基上培养,温度(23±2)℃,转速90 rpm,pH值6.0,黑暗培养为最适悬浮培养体系;经检测细胞生长曲线呈"S"型,培养液pH随着细胞的生长先上升后下降,18 d时细胞基数达到最大值;悬浮继代培养后,通过降低或停止震荡转速,在添加BA 0.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L的MS液体和固体培养基上可诱导分化出芽和根,进一步形成完整的植株.     

黄山部分药用苔藓植物资源调查

黄山地区药用苔藓植物资源丰富,种类多,分布广,蕴藏量较大,对其中的19种药用苔藓植物生境分布、药用功效作了初步调查,结果表明：鳞叶藓[Taxiphyllum taxirameum（Mitt.）Fleisch.]、金发藓（Polytrichum commune Hedw.）、东亚小金发藓[Pogonatum inflexum（Lindb.）Lac.]、大灰藓（Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.）、细叶小羽藓[Haplocladium microphyllum（Hedw.）Broth.]、大羽藓[Thuidium cymbifo-lium（Doz.et Molk.）B.S.G.]、匍灯藓[Plagiomnium cuspidatum（Hedw.）T.Kop.]、真藓（Bryum argenteum Hedw.）、葫芦藓（Funaria hygro-metrica Hedw.）、黄牛毛藓[Ditrichum pallidum（Hedw.）Hampe]和地钱（Marchantia polymorpha L.）等蕴藏量较大,可供开发利用。