锌元素对籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织绿苗分化率的影响

本实验就锌元素对籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织绿苗分化率的影响进行了研究，结果指出：(1)锌元素能明显提高籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织绿苗分化频率，且使用浓度范围较广(0.5～10μmol/L)，其中以锌浓度1μmol/L效果较好；(2)在本实验范围内各籼稻品种对锌元素的反应是一致的，但品种间差异很大，其中中早14绿苗分化率较高；(3)锌脉冲试验指     

杂交中籼稻金优107高产制种技术

介绍杂交中籼稻金优107的高产制种技术,包括选择制种基地、合理安排播插期、培育高产群体、搞好花期预测、严格去杂等方面内容,以为该品种的制种提供参考。     

籼三系不育系楠丰67A选育和利用评价研究

[目的]选育籼三系不育系楠丰67A,并对其利用价值进行评价.[方法]介绍楠丰67A的选育经过、特征特性、稻米品质遗传特点和制繁种关键技术,探讨其应用价值及潜力.[结果]研究迟熟早籼矮败型不育系楠丰67A,典败率96.78％,柱头外露率43.98％,其中双外露率25.30％.株型好,一般配合力(GCA)效应值总体高于珍汕97A,单株穗数、穗总粒数和结实率比珍汕97A有更强的杂种优势,单株粒重、千粒重的特殊配合力(SCA)效应方差较小,软胶稠度,中低直链淀粉含量,中感稻瘟病.2009年通过浙江省农作物审定委员会组织的技术鉴定.[结论]该研究对今后三系不育系的选育和楠丰67A的利用具有指导意义.     

矮秆早中籼稻米粒垩白与其他性状相关性的研究

本文选用26个品种(系)研究了矮秆早中籼稻米粒垩白与其他性状的相关性。结果表明,米粒垩白与产量、生育期、株型、米粒形状和大小、直链淀粉含量、食味等性状密切相关。     

优质早籼稻品种的库、源、流特性研究

以优质早籼稻品种佳禾早占为对照,研究优质早籼稻新品种泉珍10号、佳辐占与漳佳占的库、源、流特性。结果表明,泉珍10号库容量大,填库能力强,冠层叶挺直,叶面积指数大,干物质积累总量大,开花后茎鞘干物质向穗部运转量大,对稻谷的贡献率大;佳辐占和漳佳占的库、源、流特性有许多相似之处;佳辐占与漳佳占的主要差异:佳辐占穗粒数少,千粒重较大;漳佳占正好相反。     

EFFECT OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND POLYOLEFIN-COATED UREA ON GROWTH AND NITROGEN UPTAKE OF INDICA RICE

ABSTRACT

Poor water management and high nitrogen (N) losses are the key problems faced by rice farmers under rainfed inland valley systems. There is a need to evaluate different N fertilizers so as to identify one that could withstand these problems. The performance of polyolefin-coated urea (POCU) was therefore compared with conventional urea in a pot experiment with indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR36), using two water management systems: 1) Submerged condition referred to as good water management (GWM), and 2) excessive irrigation (over 4000 mm in 120 days) referred to as poor water management (PWM). The study was carried out during 1997 and 1998 cropping seasons under glasshouse conditions. For PWM in 1997, the pots were subjected to leaching only whereas in 1998, they were subjected to both surface runoff and leaching. For both cropping seasons, POCU-treated plants under PWM had a significantly higher grain yield (377.5 and 343.0 g m^?2) than urea-treated plants (316.5 and 260.5 g m^?2). In addition, POCU-treated plants had a significantly higher number of grains per panicle than urea-treated plants. In 1998, both the partial factor productivity of applied N and the agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency of POCU-treated plants under GWM and PWM were significantly higher than those of urea-treated plants. It can be inferred that (using sandy soils and under PWM), POCU could perform significantly better than conventional urea. This finding is important, considering the usually high nitrogen losses in rice-growing inland valley swamps.     

云南省元阳县籼/粳型稻瘟病菌无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii多样性分析

为明确云南省元阳县籼/粳型稻瘟病菌中无毒基因的多样性及差异,采用接种鉴别品种方法和PCR技术对9株粳型菌株和21株籼型菌株中无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii的多样性进行分析。结果显示,30株稻瘟病菌菌株中无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii的平均出现频率分别为33.3%、76.7%和0,Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1在籼型菌株和粳型菌株中的出现频率分别为4.8%和100.0%、66.7%和100.0%。Avr-Pia主要为存在/缺失的多样性,籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种Achiasahi(Pia)的致病率分别为100.0%和11.1%;Avr-Pita1可划分为3个类群,除菌株CH1195属于PO类群外,籼型菌株均属于J1类群,粳型菌株则属于J2/J3类群;籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种K1(Pita)的致病率分别为100.0%和0,且籼/粳型菌株Avr-Pita1蛋白序列在第83位和第192位氨基酸差异明显。Avr-Pii在30株稻瘟病菌菌株中均未检出,籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种Fujisaka No. 5(Pii)的致病率分别为100.0%和0。表明Avr-Pia和Avr-Pita1在粳型菌株中的出现频率高于籼型菌株且变异程度低,粳型菌株中可能存在其它无毒基因使其不能侵染Fujisaka No. 5。     

优质、抗稻瘟病香型水稻三系不育系繁源A的选育

以长丰B为母本,乐丰B为父本杂交配组选育保持系,再与乐丰A测交、回交转育,育成野败籼型香稻三系不育系繁源A,于2013年通过福建省品种审定。结果表明,繁源A不育性稳定、配合力强、异交率高、抗稻瘟病、米质优异有香味。     

籼型杂交稻叶绿素荧光参数的配合力分析

参考籼型杂交稻叶绿素荧光参数的配合力及遗传特性,以6个籼型杂交稻不育系和5个恢复系按NC(II)交配设计的30个杂交稻组合及其亲本品种为材料,对其功能叶片的叶绿素荧光参数进行测定和分析。结果表明:1杂交稻组合的叶绿素荧光参数存在极显著的组合间遗传差异,杂交稻叶绿素荧光参数的最大荧光(Fm)、实际光能利用率ΦPSII、调节性能量耗散的量子产量ΦNPQ同时受基因的加性效应和非加性效应的影响,杂交稻其他叶绿素荧光参数主要受非加性效应的影响。2杂交稻不育系ΦPSII和ΦNPQ的一般配合力(GCA)方差大于杂交稻恢复系ΦPSII和ΦNPQ的GCA方差,表明这些叶绿素荧光参数受其不育系的影响大于受其恢复系的影响。3杂交稻叶绿素荧光参数的广义遗传力均大于其狭义遗传力,其中,Fm、ΦPSII、ΦNPQ、非光化学淬灭NPQ等叶绿素荧光参数的狭义遗传力为20%~50%,具有中等遗传力;Fo、原初光能利用率(Fv/Fm)、非调节性能量耗散的量子产量(ΦNO)、化学淬灭(qL)、叶绿素荧光参数的狭义遗传力在20%以下,遗传力较弱。4杂交稻ΦPSII的竞争优势与其母本GCA呈极显著水平的正相关,且具有较高的决定系数,表明杂交稻ΦPSII的母本GCA效应值较高,其杂交稻组合的竞争优势也强。在选配高光能利用效率的强优势杂交稻组合时,关键应优先选择ΦPSII的配合力和表型均优良的杂交稻不育系配组。     

Competition of Barnyardgrass with Rice Varieties

A field study was conducted to examine the competition of barnyardgrass with various rice varieties and its effect on propanil effectiveness. Six rice varieties, Ispaniki A', Strymonas and Roxani (Japonica type) and Rea, Skybonnet and Blue belle (Indica type), were grown in a silty loam soil, in 1994 and 1995. The varieties had different 1000 seed weights, which varied from 24 to 40 g. The herbicide propanil was applied at the four-leaf stage of barnyardgrass on half the plot area. Japonica type varieties emerged earlier and had lower numbers of barnyardgrass plants compared to Indica varieties. The time of seedling emergence was significantly and negatively correlated with the seed weight and positively with the number of barnyardgrass plants. The delayed establishment of Indica type varieties favoured rapid barnyardgrass growth at the early stages and resulted in lower effectiveness of propanil, compared to Japonica type varieties. Thus, in controlling barnyardgrass in rice fields it is necessary to take into account the variety grown in order to reduce production costs and the pollution risk to the environment.