观赏型金豆新品系‘桔豆’的选育与栽培技术要点

‘桔豆’由实生单株选育而成。该品系具有果色鲜艳、花量大、坐果率高、树姿美观等优良观赏特性，且挂果期长，挂果时间可从10月中旬至次年的3-4月，作为观赏果树有着良好的应用前景。     

NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE PHYLOGENY AND SPECIATION OF KUMQUAT (FORTUNELLA SPP.) BASED ON CHLOROPLAST SNP,NUCLEAR SSR AND WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCING

● Fortunella genus consists of two populations: cultivated kumquat and wild Hong Kong kumquat. ● Artificial selection might involve in the origin of cultivated Fortunella species. ● A hypothesis for the differentiation and speciation of Fortunella species is proposed. Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) is a fruit and ornamental crop worldwide due to the palatable taste and high ornamental value of its fruit. Although Fortunella is classified into the economically important true citrus fruit tree group together with Citrus and Poncirus, few studies have been focused on its evolutionary scenario. In this study, analysis of five chloroplast loci and 47 nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) loci from 38 kumquat and 10 citrus accessions revealed the independent phylogeny of Fortunella among citrus taxa, and that Fortunella mainly comprises two populations: CUL, cultivated Fortunella spp. (F. margarita, F. crassifolia and F. japonica); and HK, wild Hong Kong kumquat (Fortunella hindsii). Genomic analysis based on whole-genome SNPs indicated that the allele frequency of both pupations deviated from the neutral selection model, suggesting directional selection was a force driving their evolutions. CUL exhibited lower genomic diversity and higher linkage strength than HK, suggesting artificial selection involved in its origin. A high level of genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.364) was detected and obviously asynchronous demographic changes were observed between CUL and HK. Based on these results, a new hypothesis for the speciation of Fortunella is proposed.     

避雨栽培对金柑留树保鲜果实品质的影响

以阳朔金柑为试材,从2010年12月20日至2011年4月15日进行了盖膜避雨栽培处理,以露地栽培为对照,分析阳朔金柑留树保鲜期间果实品质动态变化,以探讨避雨栽培对金柑留树保鲜过程中果实品质的影响。结果表明:采用避雨栽培留树保鲜技术,可以延长果实采收期至翌年4月中旬,留在树上的好果率仍有98.9%,避雨栽培不但能缓解留树保鲜金柑果实硬度的降低,保持后期较高的VC含量,而且能有效增加果实可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和糖酸比。在整个留树保鲜过程中,盖膜处理的果实硬度比露地栽培的高10.08%～14.26%,可溶性固形物比对照高2.12%～5.86%,可滴定酸比对照低13.64%～14.29%;盖膜处理的金柑果实可溶性糖、固酸比和糖酸比均高于对照。留树保鲜的金柑果实VC含量呈现先升后降的趋势,留树保鲜第2个月达到最大值,第2个月后金柑果实VC含量迅速下降,但盖膜处理的金柑果实VC含量比对照高8.69%～14.73%。     

Differential structure and physiological response to canker challenge between ‘Meiwa’ kumquat and ‘Newhall’ navel orange with contrasting resistance

Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting citrus production. ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) and ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis) are two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance. In the current study, efforts were made to perform pairwise comparison between them in terms of structural difference and biochemical response to Xcc attack. Pinprick inoculation demonstrated that ‘Meiwa’ had lower disease incidence rate and smaller lesion size, concurrent with significantly less bacterial number at the inoculation sites relative to ‘Newhall’. Microscopic observation demonstrated that stomatal density and size of ‘Meiwa’ were significantly smaller than ‘Newhall’. Stomatal apertures of ‘Meiwa’ were smaller than ‘Newhall’ measured at 2 h after their leaves were immersed in Xcc suspension, consistent with the bacteria number in the internal tissues counted at 4 d. Epicuticular wax content of ‘Meiwa’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Newhall’, while no difference in palisade and spongy tissue was observed between them. Enzymatic activity assay showed that after Xcc inoculation, ‘Meiwa’ exhibited significantly higher activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in comparison with ‘Newhall’ at most of the sampling time points. Our data showed that the two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance exhibited clear difference in the structure and physiological response, which may provide information to facilitate our understanding of Xcc resistance.     

Intraradical hyphae phosphatase of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Gigaspora margarita

An alkaline phosphatase in the intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was found to be closely related to an improvement of plant growth. To detect the phosphatase activity in a crude extract of mycorrhizal roots, phosphatase isozymes in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal onion roots were compared with those in Gigaspora margarita by electrophoresis. A mycorrhiza-specific band was found when the phosphatase was stained under alkaline conditions. To clarify the origin of this phosphatase, the phosphatase extracted from intraradical hyphae was also compared with the phosphatase from mycorrhizal roots by electrophoresis. The intraradical hyphae was isolated from mycorrhizal roots by enzyme digestion followed by Percoll gradient centrifugation. The soluble protein was extracted from the hyphae by ultra-sonication after treatment with chitinase. A phosphatase in the hyphal soluble protein showed a similar, but slightly higher, relative mobility on the gel, compared with the mycorrhiza-specific phosphatase from roots. By adding the hyphal extract to the root extract, the relative mobility of the mycorrhiza-specific phosphatase was slightly changed and became identical to that of the phosphatase in the hyphae. This indicated that the specific band of phosphatase found in the crude extract from mycorrhizal roots was of intraradical hyphal origin. Received: 16 April 1997     

金柑多糖酶法脱蛋白工艺的研究

蛋白酶法结合Sevag法对金柑粗多糖进行脱蛋白,研究不同酶添加量、温度、pH值、时间等因素对金柑粗多糖脱蛋白效果的影响。结果表明,金柑粗多糖酶法脱蛋白最佳工艺条件是：木瓜蛋白酶添加量120 U/mL、酶解时间80 min和酶解温度40　℃;在此条件下,蛋白质脱除率为75.88％,多糖的损失率为5.45％;再用Sevag试剂处理3次,蛋白质脱除率和多糖损失率分别为85.18％和14.16％。     

不同植物生长调节剂对金橘果实生长及产量的影响

[目的]筛选出金橘保果壮果的理想植物生长调节剂,以促进金橘产业的健康快速发展.[方法]于金橘谢花7 d后喷施30 mL/L赤霉素(GA3),间隔7和14d后再分别喷施一次30 mL/L GA3+10 mL/L萘乙酸(NAA)(处理1)、5mL/LCTK+10 mL/L NAA(处理2)、1mL/L噻苯隆(处理3),以喷清水为对照,观察测定各处理的坐果率、果实生长发育规律、产量及单果重.[结果]以处理1和处理3的金橘坐果率较高,均在20.00％以上,比对照提高了49.96％和46.68％.处理2和处理3的果实生长发育较快,其果实横径比对照增加了3.12和2.80 mm,纵径比对照增加了3.66和1.97 mm.在单果重与产量方面,也是以处理2、处理3的效果较显著,单株产量较对照提高了13.5％和11.6％,单果重比对照增加了34.0％和26.9％.[结论]在金橘谢花后7d喷施一次30 mL/L GA3,间隔7和14 d后再分别喷施一次5 mL/L CTK+10mL/L NAA,可有效提高果实产量和经济效益,建议生产上大力推广应用.     

原生质体电融合再生柑橘属间四倍体体细胞杂种

自 Ohgawara等 (1 985)得到枳与 Trovita甜橙属间体细胞杂种植株近 1 5年来 ,已得到了约 1 50例柑橘体细胞杂种〔3〕,其中有种、属间有性和嫁接亲和的组合 ,也有有性和嫁接均不亲和的属间、族间组合。这些体细胞杂种的获得 ,丰富了柑橘的种质资源库 ,为育种提供了可供选择和利用的新型试材。本文报道的是最近获得的一例金柑与柑橘属间体细胞杂种。1　材料与方法1 .1　材料丹西红橘 (Citrusreticulata )愈伤组织悬浮系继代 3次后 ,于第 7～ 1 0天时取愈伤组织分离原生质体 ;长寿金柑 (Fortunella obovata )种子播种于 MT基本培养基 (含 3 …     

不同土壤管理方式对金柑VA菌根侵染率的影响

试验以15年生枳砧金弹(Fortunella crassifolia Swingle)和成年野生山金柑(F.hindsii Swingle)为试材,于1989～1991年在浙江宁波北仑、浙江普陀桃花岛进行。设置免耕生草覆草、耕翻生草覆草、清耕(对照)、野生(对照)等4个处理。结果表明。随耕翻次数增加,根系VA菌根侵染率降低,VA菌根侵染率野生>免耕生草覆草>耕翻生草覆草>清耕,20～40厘米土层>10～20厘米土层>0～10厘米土层。离根尖1厘米左右根段中泡囊出现百分率与VA菌根侵染率呈极显著或显著正相关。免耕可保护菌根,提高菌根侵染率。