拟垫跗螋生物学特性的研究

拟垫跗螋是为害造纸原料荻和芦的害虫（蚜虫、蓟马、螨等）的重要捕食性天敌。在湖南洞庭湖区一年发生２代，以成虫和若虫在残杆、渣叶和土缝中越冬。成虫寿命第１代约４个月，第２代连越冬达１０个月。雌雄性比约５４。雌雄均可多次交尾，有的雌虫产卵后又可交尾。每头雌虫的产卵量平均３９．３粒。卵期平均６．５天。若虫期第１代近４个月，第２代连越冬约９个月。大田消长主要受地势高低、洪水、农药、食物等因素影响。并对保护利用跗螋控制害虫的措施进行了讨论     

精粗比条件下新疆芦苇在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解的研究

选用3头三月龄左右装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦公犊,按3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,喂给三种日粮,日粮组成按精粗比分别表示为:Ⅰ:70∶30;Ⅱ:60∶40;Ⅲ:50∶50,研究不同日粮组成下新疆芦苇的DM、CP以及NDF在断奶初期奶公犊瘤胃内动态降解。结果表明:精粗比为60∶40日粮时,其CP的消失率和降解参数显著低于精粗比为70∶30和50∶50的日粮(P<0.05);其DM和NDF的消失率和降解参数显著高于精粗比为70∶30和50∶50的日粮(P<0.05)。     

Landscape ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> invasion in networks of linear wetlands

The interaction between landscape structure and spatial patterns of plant invasion has been little addressed by ecologists despite the new insights it can provide. Because of their spatial configuration as highly connected networks, linear wetlands such as roadside or agricultural ditches, can serve as corridors facilitating invasion at the landscape scale, but species dynamics in these important habitats are not well known. We conducted a landscape scale analysis of Phragmites australis invasion patterns (1985–2002 and 1987–2002) in two periurban areas of southern Québec (Canada) focusing on the interaction between the network of linear wetlands and the adjacent land-uses. Results show that, at the beginning of the reference period, the two landscapes were relatively non-invaded and populations occurred mostly in roadside habitats which then served as invasion foci into other parts of the landscape. The intrinsic rates of increase of P. australis populations in linear anthropogenic habitats were generally higher than those reported for natural wetlands. Riparian habitats along streams and rivers were little invaded compared to anthropogenic linear wetlands, except when they intersected transportation rights-of-way. Bivariate spatial point pattern analysis of colonization events using both Euclidian and network distances generally showed spatial dependence (association) to source populations. An autologistic regression model that included landscape and edaphic variables selected transportation rights-of-way as the best predictor of P. australis occurrence patterns in one of the landscapes. Given the high invasion rates observed, managers of linear wetlands should carefully monitor expansion patterns especially when roads intersect landscapes of conservation or economic value.     

Analysis of Original Causes of Reed Fires in Zhalong Nature Wetland Reserve in Heilongjiang Province

Zhalong Nature Reserve is located in the border areaof Qiqihaer City, Fuyu County, Lindian County andTailai County of Heilongjiang Province. The area ofthe reserve is 210 000 ha. The reserve is the firstnature reserve for protecting wetland and crane inChina. There were more than 300 red-crownedcranes here at the very most. Zhalong Nature Reserveis situated at the Songnen Plain, the lower stream ofthe Wuyuer River. It is the biggest nature reserve inChina that takes crane and wetland …     

盘锦苇田钻心虫发生规律及防治措施

芦苇钻心虫是盘锦苇田经常发生的害虫之一,不但破坏苇田植被,还直接影响芦苇质量,降低芦苇产量。介绍芦苇钻心虫的形态特征、生活习性、发生规律,以及危害特点,提出防治措施,为苇田钻心虫的有效防治提供参考。     

博斯腾湖芦苇湿地生态环境现状及芦苇生物量影响因素分析

以博斯腾湖芦苇湿地为研究区,通过野外调查和室内分析,对博斯腾湖三大苇区的土壤理化性质、水质特征及影响湿地芦苇生物量的主要因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:⑴苇区土壤环境质量现状良好,土壤有效氮含量平均为142.59mg/kg,速效磷含量平均为40.11mg/kg,有机质含量平均为7.81%,能够满足芦苇生长要求。⑵黄水苇区湿地土壤总盐含量及水中全盐含量分别为0.93%和3.04mg/L,其与芦苇生物量间均呈显著负相关关系(p0.05),而西南小湖区及大湖西岸区土壤总盐含量及水中全盐含量对芦苇生物量没有显著影响(p0.05);三苇区水中COD量和pH值对芦苇生物量均无显著影响。⑶芦苇的株高、茎粗、节数等三种形态特征指标与生物量之间呈极显著正相关关系(p0.01),芦苇的密度与生物量呈极显著负相关关系(P0.01)。     

水生生物在湖泊生态除磷修复中的影响

研究了不同水深的洞庭湖区芦苇对湖泊中磷的净化效果。结果表明,芦苇在降低湖水磷含量中发挥着 重要作用。生长旺季,浅水区和深水区的芦苇根区总磷最高去除率分别为55%和25%以上,表层去除率分别为35% 和20%;在枯萎期,根区的总磷去除率也能分别达到30%和20%以上,表层仍能保持15%。结果表明,通过适时收割 芦苇,可有效降低湖水中总磷含量。     

滨江湿地芦苇的能量获取与收获机械化

根据滨江湿地的高物质生产力与高能量输出的特征,探讨滨江湿地优势植物芦苇的能量获取方式,分析芦苇机械收割的必要性;通过对芦苇人工收割与机械化收割成本收益的比较,说明在滨江湿地实施芦苇机械化收割的意义.同时,针对国内芦苇收割的现状和存在的问题,提出了我国芦苇收获机械化的发展对策.     

磷钾钙配比对芦苇末基质栽培甜椒幼苗生长及生理代谢的影响

以甜椒品种‘中椒5号’为试材,以芦苇末和蛭石(体积比3∶1)混合基质为栽培基质,运用正交试验设计法,研究了营养液中不同磷、钾、钙水平对甜椒幼苗生长及体内营养元素含量等的影响。结果表明,芦苇末混合基质栽培甜椒时,提高营养液中磷和钙水平,甜椒幼苗的株高、生物积累量、根系活力、叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)显著提高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,幼苗体内营养元素含量较高;而提高营养液中的钾水平对甜椒幼苗没有明显的影响。总之,营养液中磷和钙处于较高水平、钾处于较低水平时,芦苇末混合基质栽培的甜椒幼苗生长势良好;用芦苇末基质栽培甜椒时应具有较高的磷和钙营养管理水平,浇灌营养液中磷、钾、钙浓度的最佳配比组合为:1.66、3、3 mmol.L-1。     

不同配比芦苇末基质应用于甜椒穴盘育苗的效果

以造纸废弃芦苇末再生合成的芦苇末基质是正在华东地区推广以替代草炭的本土化有机基质。本研究以康奈尔复合基质B为对照，对以芦苇末为主要成分(体积比占50％以上)的10个基质配比的基本理化性状进行测定，考察其在甜椒穴盘育苗上的应用效果。结果表明75％芦苇末混合25％蛭石的混配基质最佳，该混配基质能提供21％的通气孔隙，57％的持水孔隙，具有很好的吸水、保水性能，甜椒穴盘苗根系生长良好，根系能缠绕基质块形成良好的根培，植株生长健壮。