Multinucleated giant cells with an osteoclast phenotype derived from caprine peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) by macrophage fusion is a typical cytopathic effect of lentiviral replication in caprine monocytes and MGC formation from cultured caprine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been considered to be diagnostic for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection. In this study, formation of MGCs was observed after 7–14 days when PBMCs were cultured from healthy goats free from SRLV infection. These MGCs expressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptor, integrin αVβ3, cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and were able to resorb bone in vitro in the absence of RANKL and macrophage colony stimulating factor, consistent with an osteoclast phenotype.     

New Drugs from Marine Organisms in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Current approved drugs may only ameliorate symptoms in a restricted number of patients and for a restricted period of time. Currently, there is a translational research challenge into identifying the new effective drugs and their respective new therapeutic targets in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, selected examples of marine-derived compounds in neurodegeneration, specifically in AD field are reported. The emphasis has been done on compounds and their possible relevant biological activities. The proposed drug development paradigm and current hypotheses should be accurately investigated in the future of AD therapy directions although taking into account successful examples of such approach represented by Cytarabine, Trabectedin, Eribulin and Ziconotide. We review a complexity of the translational research for such a development of new therapies for AD. Bryostatin is a prominent candidate for the therapy of AD and other types of dementia in humans.     

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in E. coli strains isolated from clinical bovine mastitis

Veterinary Research Communications -     

Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933): description of adults and additional case reports of neurological diseases in three domestic cats from southern Chile

Adults of Gurltia paralysans were obtained from veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space from three domestic cats presenting with chronic paraparesis/paraplegia from rural areas of southern Chile. Four adult nematodes were collected (2 males and 2 females) were recovered from cat 1, 14 adult nematodes (12 females and 2 males) from cat 2, and 12 nematodes (10 females and 2 males) were collected from cat 3. Parasite induced lesions that compromised subarachnoid vein microvasculature at the thoracic, lumbar, sacral spinal cord segments extending to conus medularis. Female nematodes measured 25 mm long (range=25-30 mm) and 0.1mm wide. Male measured a mean of 16 mm length (range=13-18 mm) with a body diameter of 0.1mm (range=0.08-0.15 mm). The present study described structural features of G. paralysans, a rare parasite first reported in the 1930s, and provides additional reports on associated clinical and pathological findings in naturally infected domestic cats.     

A structural equation model for describing relationships between somatic cell score and milk yield in dairy goats

The relationship between milk yield and somatic cell score (log-transformed somatic cell count) in dairy goats may involve complex pathways with recursive or simultaneous effects. Structural equation models were fitted to longitudinal data on milk yield and on somatic cell scores. Data consisted of 4 repeated records of milk production and of somatic cell score from left and right halves of the udder in each of 47 dairy goats; infection status of each of the halves at each test day was also available. Results strongly suggest the existence of a within-half, first-order autoregressive process and of simultaneity of effects between somatic cell scores from the left and right halves of the udder. This indicates that the immune response to an infection is not restricted to the half of the udder in which the infection takes place and that it tends to propagate over time. The existence of a negative effect of somatic cell score on milk yield was also supported by the results; however, evidence in favor of an effect in the opposite direction, a dilution effect, was not strong.     

小麦根际溶钾细菌对小麦生长和吸收钾素的影响

为了考察小麦根际亲和性溶钾细菌对小麦生长和小麦钾肥利用的影响,采用盆栽法栽培小麦,测定小麦干物质积累、叶片含钾量、土壤速效钾含量,考察溶钾细菌对小麦地上部分植株钾素积累量和钾肥利用率的影响。结果显示,11株溶钾细菌接种处理使小麦地上部分干重超过施100%钾肥的对照CK2的水平,WS25和WS27处理的小麦干物质积累极显著高于CK2,分别比CK2高11.66%和23.34%;在小麦苗期,11株溶钾细菌处理的小麦根干重和小麦植株钾素积累量均高于CK2;在旺长期,11株溶钾细菌处理的植株钾积累量均高于施50%钾肥的CK1,3株菌(WS25、WS27、WS28)处理的小麦植株钾素积累量高于CK2,其中WS27极显著高于CK2;11株溶钾细菌处理的钾肥利用率均高于CK1和CK2,其中WS27使得小麦的钾肥利用率在苗期和旺长期分别比CK2高出17%和40%。溶钾细菌可以促进小麦植株对土壤中钾素的吸收和利用,提高肥料利用率,促进小麦植株的生长和发育。