PAMELA measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra

Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 gigavolt to 1.2 teravolts performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload for antimatter matter exploration and light-nuclei astrophysics). We find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law. These data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy. More complex processes of acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays are required to explain the spectral structures observed in our data.     

Etiology and possibility of correcting the mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome in sows

A new tissue immunostimulator has been tested under laboratory and production conditions and its sterility and harmlessness have been determined. Administration of the preparation to sows with mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome significantly increased bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity of neutrophils after 15 and 45 days. The preparation can be used together with active anti-bacterial agents against the indicated pathology at industrial pig farms.