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排序方式: 共有272条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
Lindy Joy Rose Sheila Okoth Ilze Beukes Abigael Ouko Marili Mouton Bradley Charles Flett Dan Makumbi Altus Viljoen 《Euphytica》2017,213(4):93
Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus cause Fusarium ear rot (FER) and Aspergillus ear rot (AER) of maize, respectively. Both pathogens are of concern to producers as they reduce grain yield and affect quality. F. verticillioides and A. flavus also contaminate maize grain with the mycotoxins fumonisins and aflatoxins, respectively, which has been associated with mycotoxicosis in humans and animals. The occurrence of common resistance mechanisms to FER and AER has been reported. Hence, ten Kenyan inbred lines resistant to AER and aflatoxin accumulation were evaluated for resistance to FER, F. verticillioides colonisation and fumonisin accumulation; and compared to nine South African lines resistant to FER and fumonisin accumulation. Field trials were conducted at three localities in South Africa and two localities in Kenya. FER severity was determined by visual assessment, while F. verticillioides colonisation and fumonisin content were quantified by real-time PCR and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Significant genotype x environment interactions was determined at each location (P ≤ 0.05). Kenyan inbred CML495 was most resistant to FER and F. verticillioides colonisation, and accumulated the lowest concentration of fumonisins across localities. It was, however, not significantly more resistant than Kenyan lines CML264 and CKL05015, and the South African line RO549 W, which also exhibited low FER severity (≤5%), fungal target DNA (≤0.025 ng μL?1) and fumonisin levels (≤2.5 mg kg?1). Inbred lines resistant to AER and aflatoxin accumulation appear to be promising sources of resistance to F. verticillioides and fumonisin contamination. 相似文献
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Behind the Pan‐European Convergence Path: The Role of Innovation,Specialisation and Socio‐economic Factors 下载免费PDF全文
The paper analyses the determinants of regional disparities in per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and their evolution over time in the enlarged European Union (EU). With reference to the literature it groups EU regions on the basis of three different factors—specialisation, socio‐economic features, and innovation. It then analyses regional disparities in per capita GDP (EU‐relative and country‐relative) across groups over 2004–2011 using both non‐parametric tools and traditional regression analysis with spatial effects. The paper finds that EU‐wide convergence actually conceals growing divergence across old member regions and within new members. Coming to the factors that lie at the heart of regional disparities, country factors lose importance for newcomers but become more important for older members, notwithstanding longstanding integration. Socio‐economic factors and innovation instead become increasingly important for all areas, socio‐economic factors lying at the heart of within‐country differences and innovation more of those between regions. Finally, specialisation appears to have a lower explanatory power. 相似文献
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Vesper HW Slimani N Hallmans G Tjønneland A Agudo A Benetou V Bingham S Boeing H Boutron-Ruault MC Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Chirlaque D Clavel-Chapelon F Crowe F Drogan D Ferrari P Johansson I Kaaks R Linseisen J Lund E Manjer J Mattiello A Palli D Peeters PH Rinaldi S Skeie G Trichopoulou A Vineis P Wirfält E Overvad K Strömberg U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6046-6053
Acrylamide exposure was investigated in subgroups of the EPIC study population (510 subjects from 9 European countries, randomly selected and stratified by age, gender, and smoking status) using hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its primary metabolite glycidamide (HbGA). Blood samples were analyzed for HbAA and HbGA by HPLC/MS/MS. Statistical models for HbAA and HbGA were developed including body mass index (BMI), educational level, and physical activity. A large variability in acrylamide exposure and metabolism between individuals and country groups was observed with HbAA and HbGA values ranging between 15-623 and 8-377 pmol/g of Hb, respectively. Both adducts differed significantly by country, sex, and smoking status. HbGA values were significantly lower in high alcohol consumers than in moderate consumers. With increasing BMI, HbGA in nonsmokers and HbAA in smokers decreased significantly. In the assessment of potential health effects related to acrylamide exposure, country of origin, BMI, alcohol consumption, sex, and smoking status should be considered. 相似文献
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E. Sunderasan Rusni A. Kadir Valérie Pujade-Renaud Frédéric de Lamotte H. Y. Yeang Sheila Nathan 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(1):19-26
Corynespora leaf disease poses a serious threat to rubber cultivation because infected leaves develop necrotic lesions and
abscise, leaving the tree unproductive. The destructiveness of Corynespora cassiicola has been largely attributed to cassiicolin, a protein toxin secreted by the fungus. Recombinant antibody technology offers
hope to curtail the disease whereby single-chain variable fragments (scFv) specific to cassiicolin could bind and deactivate
the toxin in genetically modified rubber trees that harbour the antibody gene. A scFv phage library was constructed from heavy
and light variable chains of IgG from cassiicolin immunized Balb/C mice spleen. Biopanning of the phage library yielded a
scFv clone with high specificity to cassiicolin. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence information of the
scFv were obtained. Hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged scFv expressed in Escherichia coli is discerned as a band at ca. 30 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and the corresponding band was detected by anti-HA IgG on a Western immunoblot.
Deactivation of cassiicolin by the affinity-purified scFv was demonstrated in a detached-leaf bio-assay on selected susceptible
Hevea clones (PB 260, RRIM 2020, RRIM 901 and RRIM 929). The assay was also performed on clones that are relatively more resistant
to the fungus (RRIM 600 and GT-1), and the results were as expected. Thus, we have successfully demonstrated that the cassicolin-specific
scFv can effectively reduce cassicolin toxicity. 相似文献
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Sheila Mae S Santander – de Leon Wolfgang Reichardt Shielameh Peralta‐Milan Maria Lourdes San Diego‐McGlone Sharon Nonato Nuñal Hongyi Wei Takeshi Yoshikawa Suguru Okunishi Hiroto Maeda 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(8):2569-2581
Bacterial communities in sediments underneath milkfish cages and adjacent off‐cage areas in Bolinao, Lingayen Gulf, West Philippine Sea were characterized using PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess influence of the fish farming to the sediments. The sediments in the fish cage (FC) area showed anoxic conditions [redox potential of ?165 to ?213 mV and acid‐volatile sulphide‐sulphur (AVS‐S) of 0.55–1.88 mg g?1 (dry weight)] compared to the relatively oxic off‐cage area [redox potential of 72–81 mV and AVS‐S of 0.09–0.14 mg g?1 (dry weight)]. The composition of the microbial populations revealed influence of the fish feed sedimentation with higher dominance of putative sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in the FC area. Compositions of the bacterial taxa showed dominance of the Bacteroidetes group and Deltaproteobacteria. The results suggest that the fish feeds created a new suitable environment, in which reductive microorganisms such as SRB, ferric‐ion‐reducing bacteria and nitrate‐reducing bacteria can thrive. Organic load from the feed and quantity of its leftover constituents may be the key factors that influence the structure of the bacterial community in the sediments of the milkfish farms. 相似文献