褐壳蛋鸡的蛋壳颜色(综述)(续1)

上期回顾:上一期介绍了褐壳蛋鸡所产鸡蛋的蛋壳中色素主要成分是原卟啉Ⅸ,但也存在微量的胆绿素及其锌螯合物,并介绍了计算蛋壳颜色的方法。     

Agriculture Green Development: a model for China and the world

Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.     

以遗传潜力推算最佳生长及经济效益的生猪饲料配方及自动化饲喂计划

饲养策略是针对整个猪群,这必然会导致自然资源的低效利用,甚至可能会扩大猪在屠宰时的个体差异。通过管理猪群均匀度做到精准饲喂有助于提高动物生产系统的效率。这个解决办法依赖于对营养供给与动物生产性能之间的精准预测、生产性能的持续监测和调节营养供给的饲喂系统。     

母猪营养利用模型研究:优化营养供给的途径(续完)

近年来,母猪的繁殖性能得到了极大的改善。现在,许多养猪场都使用高产母猪,这些母猪的平均窝产仔数超过13头,窝断奶仔猪数超过11.5头。这些变化对母猪在怀孕和哺乳期间的营养需要量产生了重大的影响。同时,过去20年,母猪能量、氨基酸和矿物质利用方面取得的成果使确定母猪的营养需要(析因法)和预测它们对营养物质供给(建模)的反应成为可能。本文旨在介绍如何将现有的母猪营养方面的知识集合于一个综合模型中并转化为软件工具,供给终端用户,主要是给养猪企业的广大营养师和动物营养专业的学生使用。文章列举的各个案例用来说明使用此类模型如何能够优化母猪生产力,同时优先考虑一些新的因素,如通过根据需要更精准地调整营养供给以达到减小养猪生产对环境的影响。     

Bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)

Aspalathus linearis is a commercially important plant species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is used to produce a herbal tea known as rooibos tea. Symbiotic interactions between A. linearis and soil bacteria play an important role in the survival of Aspalathus plants in the highly nutrient-poor, acidic fynbos soil. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown A. linearis, as well as the effect of seasonal changes on these communities. Bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput amplicon sequencing, and their correlations with soil chemical properties were investigated. The N-fixing bacterial community was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla detected in this study. Highly similar bacterial communities were associated with natural and commercially grown plants. Significant differences in the bacterial community were observed between rhizosphere and bulk soils collected in the dry season, while no significant differences were detected in the wet season. This study provides insights into bacterial community structure and potential factors shaping bacterial community structure with commercially important A. linearis.     

第三章 用采食行为评估动物福利(续完)

正4知识缺口和未来研究需求4.1反刍动物目前,人们对反刍动物放牧时的行为需求知之甚少。因此,在不考虑营养方面的条件时,反刍动物不进行放牧,而在室内向其提供全价混合日粮(Total Mixed Ration,TMR)日粮,这种方式是否对动物福利来说会更好,还需要进一步研究。反刍动物在采食习惯上具有天生的选择性,并且在某些情况下能够选择混合饲料中的某些成分,以最大限度提高自身的健康和生产力。研     

城市道路绿化养护存在的问题与对策

指出了在我国经济迅速发展的背景下,我国城市道路建设也呈现出迅速发展的态势,尤其是城市道路绿化工作实现了突破性发展。基于此,提出了城市道路养护工作存在的问题,探究了城市道路绿化养护的对策。     

体重决定猪回肠内的蛋白吸收率

<正>近期伊利诺伊大学的J.A.Almeida博士、 Hans H.Stein博士以及Carsten Pedersen博士联手展开体重对于标准化回肠蛋白质和氨基酸吸收率的影响试验,结论证明,20 kg以下的仔猪回肠对于粗蛋白和氨基酸的吸收率比20~50 kg的育成猪和50~110 kg的育肥猪低。而且同一猪群的不同猪只也表现出吸收率的差异性。例如,在测定的300只仔猪中粗蛋白和氨基酸的吸收率