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1.
MIKI AIDA KAZUYUKI ITOH HIROAKI IKEDA NAOKUNI HARADA YASUO ISHII KENJI USUI 《Weed Biology and Management》2004,4(3):127-135
Paddy herbicides have the potential to cause adverse effects on non-target plants. Susceptibilities of some aquatic ferns ( Azolla japonica Franch. et Savat., Isoetes japonica A. Braun, Marsilea quadrifolia L. and Salvinia natans All.) and duckweeds ( Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza Schleid.) to paddy herbicide bensulfuron methyl (BSM) were evaluated with a 20 day exposure experiment using 200 cm2 pots. The BSM concentrations in the surface water of monitoring pots with no plants dissipated exponentially with half lives of 3.5 and 3.9 days at application rates of 15 and 150 g ha−1 , respectively. The BSM concentrations in the surface water 1 day after application in the culture pots were comparable among plant species, and were lower than those in the monitoring pots. Bensulfuron methyl reduced the plant growth in all species. I . japonica showed the lowest intrinsic relative growth rate (RGR) and the lowest susceptibility with an effective dose resulting in 50% growth inhibition (ED50 ) of 21 g ha−1 . Except for I . japonica , the RGR of the duckweeds was similar to the ferns, and ED50 for the duckweeds was higher than the ferns. ED50 for Sa . natans , A . japonica and M . quadrifolia were 1.1, 1.8 and 1.2 g ha−1 , respectively, which were smaller than 1/20 of the recommended field dose (51–75 g ha−1 ) and ranged from 1/2 to 1/6 of ED50 for L . minor and Sp . polyrhiza (6.5 and 3.2 g ha−1 , respectively). These results suggest that BSM application in paddy fields and its runoff in some localities is expected to have adverse effects on the growth of Sa . natans , A . japonica and M . quadrifolia . 相似文献
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Hiroto Miura Takuya Hashimoto Yukiko Kawanishi Hiroki Kawauchi Ryo Inoue Noriaki Shoji Kunihiko Saito Mario Sekiya Yosuke Saito Jumpei Yasuda Chiemi Yonezawa Tetsushiro Endo Hirotaka Kasuya Yutaka Suzuki Yasuo Kobayashi Satoshi Koike 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13601
The rumen microbiota comprises a vast range of bacterial taxa, which may affect the production of high-quality meat in Japanese Black cattle. The aim of this study was to identify core rumen microbiota in rumen fluid samples collected from 74 Japanese Black cattle raised under different dietary conditions using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the rumen of fattening Japanese Black cattle, 10 bacterial taxa, showing >1% average relative abundance and >95% prevalence, irrespective of the dietary conditions and the fattening periods, were identified as the core rumen bacterial taxa, which accounted for approximately 80% of the rumen microbiota in Japanese Black cattle. Additionally, population dynamics of the core rumen bacterial taxa revealed two distinct patterns: Prevotella spp. and unclassified Bacteroidales decreased in the mid-fattening period, whereas unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus spp., and unclassified Christensenellaceae increased during the same period. Therefore, the present study reports the wide distribution of the core rumen bacterial taxa in Japanese Black cattle, and the complementary nature of the population dynamics of these core taxa, which may ensure stable rumen fermentation during the fattening period. 相似文献
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Oguro M Ishikawa H Ohtsuka H Hoshi F Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(7):809-812
Growth hormone secretion was evaluated in cattle. Clinically healthy bovine growth hormone (bGH) concentrations were 10.7 +/- 1.6 ng/ml in Holstein and 7.8 +/- 3.9 ng/ml in Japanese black cattle. The bGH concentration alternated at three-hour intervals, and tended to be higher at midnight and lower in the morning and before feeding. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) at an insulin dosage of 0.25 U/kg showed a significant increase of bGH concentration to 331 +/- 153% at 60 to 90 min after injection. In ITT applied to five under-growth calves of Japanese black cattle, the basal bGH concentrations were lower and peak values after insulin injection were shown to be significantly low. The ITT is useful for the clinical examination of bGH secretion in cattle. 相似文献
6.
Establishment of a potency test by ELISA for a rabies vaccine for animal use in Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Gamoh K Shimazaki Y Senda M Makie H Itoh O Muramatsu M Hirayama N Hatakeyama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(6):685-688
The ELISA we developed was able to determine the antigen content and was suitable for a potency test, and we described a relative potency assay method which determines the potency of test vaccines by comparing the ELISA value of a test vaccine to that of a reference vaccine. In the present study, we standardized the reference vaccine used for determining the potencies of test vaccines, and established a potency test by ELISA. We evaluated the proposed reference vaccine by the neutralizing antibody responses in dogs after vaccination, by the challenge protection test in guinea pigs (GP potency test), which is the earlier official potency test used in Japan, and by the NIH potency test, which is widely used throughout the world. The results showed that a 4-fold dilution of the proposed reference vaccine induced sufficient immunity in dogs. A 3-fold dilution of the proposed reference vaccine passed the GP potency test. The international units (IU) calibrated by the NIH potency test were 3.7 IU/dose. From the results and the WHO recommendation that veterinary rabies vaccines should have a potency of at least 1.0 IU/dose, we determined to dilute the proposed reference vaccine by 3 fold and regarded it as the reference vaccine. Finally, we confirmed that there is a good agreement between the results of the potency test by ELISA and the results of the GP potency test. The establishment of the potency test by ELISA has made it possible to monitor the potency in the production process and has contributed to the stable production of the vaccine. 相似文献
7.
Hajime ASADA Hirotaka TOMIYASU Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Yasuhito FUJINO Koichi OHNO Hajime TSUJIMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):677-684
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive tumor type originating from histiocytic
cell lineages. This disease is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and short
survival time. Therefore, it is of critical importance to identify and develop effective
antitumor drugs against HS. The objectives of this study were to examine the drug
sensitivities of 10 antitumor drugs. Using a real-time RT-PCR system, the mRNA expression
levels of 16 genes related to drug resistance in 4 canine HS cell lines established from
dogs with disseminated HS were determined and compared to 2 canine lymphoma cell lines
(B-cell and T-cell). These 4 canine HS cell lines showed sensitivities toward microtubule
inhibitors (vincristine, vinblastine and paclitaxel), comparable to those in the canine
B-cell lymphoma cell line. Moreover, it was shown that P-gp in the HS cell lines used in
this study did not have enough function to efflux its substrate. Sensitivities to
melphalan, nimustine, methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin and etoposide were lower in
the 4 HS cell lines than in the 2 canine lymphoma cell lines. The data obtained in this
study using cultured cell lines could prove helpful in the developing of advanced and
effective chemotherapies for treating dogs that are suffering from HS. 相似文献
8.
Hoshi H Yagi Y Matsunaga K Ishihara Y Yasuhara T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8508-8515
We previously isolated a novel immunomodulatory alpha-(1,4)(1,6)(1,2)- d-glucan-protein complex (MPG-1) from mycelia of Tricholoma matsutake in basidiomycetes. In the present study, we raised a polyclonal antibody by immunizing rabbits with MPG-1 and constructed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system to examine the distribution of MPG-1 among edible mushrooms and related processed foods. The system detected MPG-1 quantitatively at concentrations of more than 10 ng/mL, with a coefficient of variation of less than 10% by intra-assay and interassay precision. Analysis with the system of chemically modified MPG-1 suggested that the sugar moiety was mainly involved in the detection. The system detected MPG-1 in the extracts of the fruiting bodies of T. matsutake but not in those of 34 other basidiomycete species. Moreover, a significant amount of MPG-1 was detected in the extracts of their cultured mycelia. The antigenic structure of MPG-1 was relatively stable in terms of pH and temperature. MPG-1 was detected in processed foods supplemented with T. matsutake. These results suggest that MPG-1 is distributed predominantly in T. matsutake species and that the ELISA system can detect it in processed foods supplemented with T. matsutake. 相似文献
9.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of Listonella anguillarum in a Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) hatchery. A total of 2704 isolates were obtained from the developing fish, live diets and artificial feeds of Japanese flounder and their rearing water, 439 of which were identified as L. anguillarum by the combining incubation on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose (TCBS) agar at 35 °C overnight with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection for the VAH1 hemolysin gene. L. anguillarum was detected in all seven rotifer samples, with densities of 2.5 × 103 to 4.6 × 106 colony forming units (CFU) g− 1. Both the analyzed samples of Nannochloropsis oculata contained this bacterium at densities of 1.6 × 104 to 1.4 × 105 CFU g− 1. L. anguillarum was detected in only one of four samples of Artemia nauplii with a density of 4.8 × 105 CFU g− 1 (35%) and it was not detected in the two analyzed artificial feed samples. L. anguillarum was detected in 11 of 18 specimens of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder at densities of 5.0 × 101 to 7.4 × 105 CFU g− 1, while it was not detected in the two analyzed egg specimens of Japanese flounder. These results indicate that L. anguillarum associated with the developing Japanese flounder is likely derived from rearing water and live diets such as rotifers. Further, it is strongly suggested that L. anguillarum is a transient bacterium of the intestinal microflora for the Japanese flounder but is a permanently indigenous one for the Japanese flounder hatcheries. 相似文献
10.
Kei ISHII Mito KANATSU-SHINOHARA Takashi SHINOHARA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(1):37-46
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) migrate to the niche upon introduction into the
seminiferous tubules of the testis of infertile animals. However, only 5–10% of the
transplanted cells colonize recipient testes. In this study, we analyzed the impact of
cell cycle on spermatogonial transplantation. We used fluorescent ubiquitination-based
cell cycle indicator transgenic mice to examine the influence of cell cycle on SSC
activity of mouse germline stem (GS) cells, a population of cultured spermatogonia
enriched for SSCs. GS cells in the G1 phase are more efficient than those in the S/G2-M
phase in colonizing the seminiferous tubules of adult mice. Cells in the G1 phase not only
showed higher expression levels of GFRA1, a component of the GDNF self-renewal factor
receptor, but also adhered more efficiently to laminin-coated plates. Furthermore, this
cell cycle-dependency was not observed when cells were transplanted into immature pup
recipients, which do not have the blood-testis barrier (BTB) between Sertoli cells,
suggesting that cells in the G1 phase may passage through the BTB more readily than cells
in the S/G2-M phase. Thus cell cycle status is an important factor in regulating SSC
migration to the niche. 相似文献