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排序方式: 共有617条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Christopher J. Fulton Charlotte Berkstrm Shaun K. Wilson Rene A. Abesamis Michael Bradley Carolina kerlund Luke T. Barrett Abner A. Bucol Dinorah H. Chacin Karen M. Chong‐Seng Darren J. Coker Martial Depczynski Linda Eggertsen Maria Eggertsen David Ellis Richard D. Evans Nicholas A. J. Graham Andrew S. Hoey Thomas H. Holmes Michel Kulbicki Priscilla T. Y. Leung Paul K. S. Lam Joshua van Lier Paloma A. Matis Mae M. Noble Alejandro Prez‐Matus Camilla Piggott Ben T. Radford Stina Tano Paul Tinkler 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(4):700-717
Canopy‐forming macroalgae can construct extensive meadow habitats in tropical seascapes occupied by fishes that span a diversity of taxa, life‐history stages and ecological roles. Our synthesis assessed whether these tropical macroalgal habitats have unique fish assemblages, provide fish nurseries and support local fisheries. We also applied a meta‐analysis of independent surveys across 23 tropical reef locations in 11 countries to examine how macroalgal canopy condition is related to the abundance of macroalgal‐associated fishes. Over 627 fish species were documented in tropical macroalgal meadows, with 218 of these taxa exhibiting higher local abundance within this habitat (cf. nearby coral reef) during at least one life‐history stage. Major overlap (40%–43%) in local fish species richness among macroalgal and seagrass or coral reef habitats suggest macroalgal meadows may provide an important habitat refuge. Moreover, the prominence of juvenile fishes suggests macroalgal meadows facilitate the triphasic life cycle of many fishes occupying diverse tropical seascapes. Correlations between macroalgal canopy structure and juvenile abundance suggests macroalgal habitat condition can influence levels of replenishment in tropical fish populations, including the majority of macroalgal‐associated fishes that are targeted by commercial, subsistence or recreational fisheries. While many macroalgal‐associated fishery species are of minor commercial value, their local importance for food and livelihood security can be substantial (e.g. up to 60% of landings in Kenyan reef fisheries). Given that macroalgal canopy condition can vary substantially with sea temperature, there is a high likelihood that climate change will impact macroalgal‐associated fish and fisheries. 相似文献
2.
EFFECTS OF FLUID AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL FACTORS ON CONSPICUITY OF CANINE AND FELINE NASAL TURBINATES 下载免费PDF全文
Raimonda Uosyte Darren J. Shaw Danielle A. Gunn‐Moore Eduardo Fraga‐Manteiga Tobias Schwarz 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(5):494-502
Turbinate destruction is an important diagnostic criterion in canine and feline nasal computed tomography (CT). However decreased turbinate visibility may also be caused by technical CT settings and nasal fluid. The purpose of this experimental, crossover study was to determine whether fluid reduces conspicuity of canine and feline nasal turbinates in CT and if so, whether CT settings can maximize conspicuity. Three canine and three feline cadaver heads were used. Nasal slabs were CT‐scanned before and after submerging them in a water bath; using sequential, helical, and ultrahigh resolution modes; with images in low, medium, and high frequency image reconstruction kernels; and with application of additional posterior fossa optimization and high contrast enhancing filters. Visible turbinate length was measured by a single observer using manual tracing. Nasal density heterogeneity was measured using the standard deviation (SD) of mean nasal density from a region of interest in each nasal cavity. Linear mixed‐effect models using the R package ‘nlme’, multivariable models and standard post hoc Tukey pair‐wise comparisons were performed to investigate the effect of several variables (nasal content, scanning mode, image reconstruction kernel, application of post reconstruction filters) on measured visible total turbinate length and SD of mean nasal density. All canine and feline water‐filled nasal slabs showed significantly decreased visibility of nasal turbinates (P < 0.001). High frequency kernels provided the best turbinate visibility and highest SD of aerated nasal slabs, whereas medium frequency kernels were optimal for water‐filled nasal slabs. Scanning mode and filter application had no effect on turbinate visibility. 相似文献
3.
Effect of Chronic Administration of Phenobarbital,or Bromide,on Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam in Dogs with Epilepsy 下载免费PDF全文
K.R. Muñana J.A. Nettifee‐Osborne M.G. Papich 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):614-619
Background
Levetiracetam (LEV) is a common add‐on antiepileptic drug (AED) in dogs with refractory seizures. Concurrent phenobarbital administration alters the disposition of LEV in healthy dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LEV in dogs with epilepsy when administered concurrently with conventional AEDs.Animals
Eighteen client‐owned dogs on maintenance treatment with LEV and phenobarbital (PB group, n = 6), LEV and bromide (BR group, n = 6) or LEV, phenobarbital and bromide (PB–BR group, n = 6).Methods
Prospective pharmacokinetic study. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after LEV administration. Plasma LEV concentrations were determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography. To account for dose differences among dogs, LEV concentrations were normalized to the mean study dose (26.4 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on adjusted concentrations, using a noncompartmental method, and area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) calculated to the last measured time point.Results
Compared to the PB and PB–BR groups, the BR group had significantly higher peak concentration (C max) (73.4 ± 24.0 versus 37.5 ± 13.7 and 26.5 ± 8.96 μg/mL, respectively, P < .001) and AUC (329 ± 114 versus 140 ± 64.7 and 98.7 ± 42.2 h*μg/mL, respectively, P < .001), and significantly lower clearance (CL/F) (71.8 ± 22.1 versus 187 ± 81.9 and 269 ± 127 mL/h/kg, respectively, P = .028).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Concurrent administration of PB alone or in combination with bromide increases LEV clearance in epileptic dogs compared to concurrent administration of bromide alone. Dosage increases might be indicated when utilizing LEV as add‐on treatment with phenobarbital in dogs. 相似文献4.
There is no knowledge about the differential capacity of canola genotypes to take up potassium (K) and produce dry matter
under conditions of low soil K availability. Hence, 84 canola genotypes were screened for K efficiency in the glasshouse.
Plants were grown in sealed pots containing K-responsive, sandy soil without or with K added. Twelve genotypes were selected
for advanced screening in the glasshouse in a different K-responsive soil. Genotypes with a mean K efficiency ratio (the ratio
of shoot dry weight at deficient and adequate K supply) greater than one standard error above or below the median genotype
value were classified as K-efficient or K-inefficient, respectively. There were significant differences between genotypes
in the K efficiency ratio in both screening experiments, indicating that genotypes responded differently to K availability.
In the initial screening experiment, 19 genotypes were rated as K-efficient and nine genotypes rated as K-inefficient based
on the K efficiency ratio. In the advanced screening experiment with 12 genotypes, three genotypes were rated as K-efficient
and two as K-inefficient. Genotypes Wesbarker and Rainbow were K-efficient and Genkai K-inefficient in both experiments. Correlation
of the K efficiency ratio with (i) shoot K content in the initial and advanced screening and (ii) shoot K concentration in
the advanced screening, indicates that the observed differences in K efficiency were due to genotypic differences in both
the uptake and the utilization of K. K-efficient genotypes have a potential to improve canola yields on soils with low K availability. 相似文献
5.
Assessment of allometric algorithms for estimating leaf biomass, leaf area index and litter fall in different-aged Sitka spruce forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tobin Brian; Black Kevin; Osborne Bruce; Reidy Brian; Bolger Tom; Nieuwenhuis Maarten 《Forestry》2006,79(4):453-465
The relationship between leaf area and diameter at breast height(d.b.h.) or sapwood area (AS) has been used to estimate standleaf area or biomass of forest canopies. It has been suggestedthat intra-specific variations in the relationship between standleaf area and d.b.h. or AS can introduce a systematic errorin these estimates for younger and older stands unless additionalparameters relating to canopy structure are included in allometricfunctions. We collected data from a Sitka spruce chronosequenceto parametrize and test different algorithms for the estimationof foliar biomass (FB) and litter inputs over a range of forestages. FB estimates were significantly improved when additionalbiometric information relating to crown structure (canopy opennessand height of live crown) was included in the models. Althoughthe use of the relationship between leaf area and AS for theestimation of leaf area is justified by theoretical considerations(pipe model theory), we show that d.b.h. and other canopy parametersprovided the most robust estimation of leaf area across different-agedstands. Our results also suggest that the accuracy of litterinput estimates depends on needle retention time and annualturnover rate, particularly immediately before and after canopyclosure. 相似文献
6.
Kaur S Greaves P Cooke DN Edwards R Steward WP Gescher AJ Marczylo TH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3378-3385
Tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of mammary cancer as reflected by epidemiological studies and experiments in carcinogen-induced rodent models of mammary carcinogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that green tea catechins (GTC) or theaflavins from black tea (BTT) interfere with mammary carcinogenesis in C3(1) SV40 T,t antigen transgenic multiple mammary adenocarcinoma (TAg) mice and that GTC/BTT affect tumor survival or oxidation status. TAg mice received GTC/BTT (0.05%) in drinking water for their lifetime. As compared to control mice, they survived longer and had smaller tumors. On microscopic inspection, the size of the largest tumor per mouse was decreased by 40-42% (p<0.01). GTC (0.01%) and BTT (0.05%) increased levels of cleaved caspase 3 in tumor tissue by 67 and 38%, respectively (p<0.05), intimating increased apoptosis. Tumor levels of the malondialdehyde-DNA adduct M1dG in mice receiving GTC or BTT (0.05%) were reduced by 78 (p<0.001) or 63% (p<0.05), respectively, as compared to controls. The results render the exploration of the breast cancer chemopreventive properties of tea preparations in humans worthwhile. 相似文献
7.
Yingfang Xiao Lance S. Osborne Jianjun Chen Cindy Mckenzie Katherine Houben Fabieli Irizarry 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1635-1642
The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important and highly polyphagous pests of vegetables and other crops worldwide. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) as a banker plant for the predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to potentially control T. urticae. Choice and no-choice experiments were carried out to determine the host plant preference of an alternative prey, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks)(Acari: Tetranychidae) to corn and green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results showed that O. pratensis adults strongly preferred corn as a host plant and posed no risk to green bean. F. acarisuga was found to fly at least 7.0 m to search for new preys on green bean plants, and over 176 F. acarisuga larvae per leaf were recorded at 14 d after dispersal. F. acarisuga proved to be an excellent predator of both T. urticae and O. pratensis. The predation by F. acarisuga to T. urticae and O. pratensis ranged from 43.7 to 67.9% and 59.2 to 90.3%, respectively, under laboratory conditions. In a non-cage study, 81.2% of T. urticae population was suppressed by F. acarisuga in reference to the control (cage treatment). The results showed that this banker plant system has potential for controlling T. urticae in greenhouse vegetable production. 相似文献
8.
Robert J. Henry Nicole Rice Daniel L. E. Waters Shabana Kasem Ryuji Ishikawa Yin Hao Sally Dillon Darren Crayn Rod Wing Duncan Vaughan 《Rice》2010,3(4):235-241
Australian Oryza are an understudied and underexploited genetic resource for rice improvement. Four species are indigenous: Oryza rufipogon, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza australiensis are widespread across northern Australia, whereas Oryza officinalis is known from two localities only. Molecular analysis of these wild populations is required to better define the distinctness of the taxa and the extent of any gene flow between them and rice. Limited collections of these wild populations are held in seed and DNA banks. These species have potential for domestication in some cases but also have many traits of potential value in the improvement of domesticated rice. Stress tolerance (biotic and abiotic) and grain quality characteristics in these populations may be useful. 相似文献
9.
Michael S. Watt Darren J. Kriticos Samantha Alcaraz Anna V. Brown Agathe Leriche 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Dothistroma needle blight, one of the most important foliar diseases of Pinus spp., is caused primarily by the fungus Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) Morelet, and to a lesser extent by Dothistroma pini Hulbary. The potential distribution and abundance of Dothistroma spp. was determined by (i) developing a process-oriented model of potential distribution of Dothistroma spp. from known locations, (ii) compiling a comprehensive list of susceptible host species from existing scientific literature and (iii) determining the distribution of susceptible hosts in areas predicted to be suitable for range expansion of Dothistroma spp. Using these three sources of information regions at risk were identified as those that were predicted to be suitable for range expansion by Dothistroma spp. and included significant areas of susceptible host species. 相似文献
10.
Salwinder S. Dhaliwal Gurpal S. Toor Ignacio A. Rodriguez-Jorquera Todd Z. Osborne Susan Newman 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(2):342-351