争鸣中产生共鸣 共鸣中产生共识——来自2014中国畜牧兽医学会年会专家答疑环节的声音

2014年11月在广州召开的中国畜牧兽医学会年会的专家答疑环节针对当前国内禽病发生、防控的热点和难点问题展开了激烈的讨论。针对观众提问，专家们观点交锋、激辩是非，给参会者带来了十分有用的信息。有参会者表示，参加这个大会，收获了很多，包括当前国内禽病发生和防控的现状以及禽病防控措施知识，虽然这些观点碰撞不能马上就能解决当下禽病防控难的现实问题，但大家对目前的禽病防控仍然感到比较乐观。     

硒在猪营养和繁殖中的作用——对公猪和精液质量的影响(续2)

正上期回顾:上期主要介绍了活细胞抗氧化系统的3个重要防御水平。5公猪精液中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶由于过氧化氢和脂质过氧化物对精子均有毒性作用(Walczak-Jedrzejowska等,2013;Wright等,2014),因此谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)在保护精子细胞膜的脂质免受过氧化反应中     

有效控制猪饲料中霉菌毒素的污染

霉菌毒素是由不同种类的霉菌,主要是镰刀霉菌、曲霉菌和青霉菌所产生的次级代谢产物。食品和饲料中霉菌毒素的污染对畜牧业是一种严重的威胁,进而造成经济损失。     

施用活性硅降低重金属移动性的研究（英文）

该研究通过一系列的土柱实验研究土壤中硅和重金属的反应机制。土柱实验在可溶性镉、铜、镍和铅酸盐的情况下,用各种活性硅(硅藻土,沸石,无定形二氧化硅,浓缩单硅酸)处理灰森林土。所有富硅物质都用电子显微镜测试分析过。富硅物质对土壤中重金属的钝化试验结果表明:硅藻土和浓缩单硅酸比沸石和无定形二氧化硅更能降低重金属的移动性。重金属移动性的降低是由土壤溶液中单硅酸和重金属的反应,以及富硅物质表面对重金属的吸附实现的。重金属在土壤中移动的强度与自身种类有关。施用富硅物质可明显降低镉和镍的移动性,对铜和铅的效果不明显。     

“一直在路上”：我国畜牧业的转型升级与兽药业的健康发展

笔者参加2014年9月份在沈阳召开的第五届中国兽药大会，突出感受到了这样一个印象：我国畜牧业的转型升级在不断进行，我国动保行业的发展也在持续寻求创新突破，国内兽药行业的监管在不断加强。有理由相信，我国畜牧业将会越来越可持续发展，我国的兽药行业将会越来越规范。     

Soil carbon characterization along the profile of two forest soils under Quercus pyrenaica

In light of concerns over climate change and increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere,it is of importance to investigate soil organic matter in Mediterranean forests at a profile scale.In-depth studies of the organic fraction are also of interest to improve understanding of carbon balance and to facilitate modelling of carbon fixation in forest soils.This research evaluates the relationships between diverse parameters such as colour,content,and form of soil organic matter(SOM).Two Quercus pyrenica ecosystems with soils classified as inceptisols with a xeric or dry moisture regime,and developed under a Mediterranean climate in Spain,were used to characterize SOM through the complete sequence of layers of the soil profile.The differentiating factor between the two ecosystems was slope gradient.Characterization was done using characteristics of humic substances(HS)as indicators of SOM turnover in inceptisols.Infrared analysis was used to further characterize the humic acids.As soil colour measurements are a tool for soil type classification and soil organic carbon prediction,the relation between HS colour measured by reflection and by transmission was determined in order to establish a relationship between measurement techniques.Infrared analysis and colour provided evidence of a different level of stabilization of HS from both soils,and between the different horizons.Oxidation of humic acids was found to be greater in deeper horizons than in the surface layers.An inverse relationship between HS colour measured by reflection and by transmission was revealed.Both soils showed a clear trend in which horizons presenting lower absorbance numbers showed higher figures of hue and value.A more marked accumulation of humified compounds was found in pedons,(the smallest unit or volume of soil that contains all the soil types),in the less steep slope.This might be explained in terms of the physiographic position affecting infiltration behavior and exposure to runoff.     

我国禽病基础理论与应用实践研究动态

中国畜牧兽医学会禽病学分会第十七次学术研讨会于2014年11月8~10日在广州召开,我国禽病学界的专家与青年学者围绕禽病的病原学、流行病学、分子流行病学、分子生物学特性、检测方法、疫苗研发与防控技术等领域进行全面阐述,基于此,文章从人兽共患病、鸡主要病毒性免疫抑制病、家禽先天性免疫、生产中常见的主要鸭病等方面进行详细解析。     

用AFLP分析渗入马铃薯双单倍体中的Solanum phureja DNA

利用扩增片断长度多态(AFLP)标记来分析了Solamum phureja DNA渗入马铃薯(Solamum phureja)双单倍体的情况。用马铃薯品种Pentland Crown与两个不同的S.phureja品种IVP 48和EC90(作为授粉者)杂交，产生了5个双单倍体植株，然后用17个AFLP引物对研究了这些双单倍体植株。     

Influence of ectomycorrhization and cesium/potassium ratio on uptake and localization of cesium in Norway spruce seedlings

Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings growing in a growth pouch system were used to investigate the effects of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull. ex St. Amans) Quél. and various Cs/K ratios on the uptake of (134)Cs, expressed as a percentage of the total amount of (134)Cs supplied. The amount of (134)Cs taken up by seedlings increased with increasing Cs/K ratio. At a Cs/K ratio of 0.1, uptake of (134)Cs ranged between 7.2 and 7.3% and was independent of ectomycorrhizal status, whereas at Cs/K ratios >/= 1 uptake of (134)Cs varied from 8.1 to 11.1% for ectomycorrhizal and from 10.4 to 14.4% for non-inoculated plants. Ectomycorrhizal seedlings contained a lower concentration of (134)Cs than non-inoculated seedlings. Among plant parts, the amount of (134)Cs was significantly lower in needles and lateral roots of ectomycorrhizal seedlings compared with non-inoculated seedlings. Among fungal and seedling tissues, highest X-ray net counts of (133)Cs were measured in fungal hyphae of ectomycorrhizal mantles. X-Ray net counts of (133)Cs in lateral roots of ectomycorrhizal and non-inoculated plants were similar, but 5 to 10 times higher than in main roots and needles, suggesting an accumulation of (133)Cs in lateral roots and slow translocation to other plant parts. In contrast, X-ray net counts of K indicated that K was readily mobilized from lateral roots to main roots and needles. Elemental mapping showed a relatively homogeneous distribution of (133)Cs within the root.