基于恒压变流控制的变量喷雾试验研究

针对变量喷雾过程中引起压力变化的问题,为研究其中压力稳定性现象,利用PID恒压控制和PWM变流控制相结合的方法,建立了恒压变流喷雾试验台。在试验台上进行恒压控制试验、喷雾角测量和雾量分布测量试验,从而验证所搭建的恒压变流喷雾装置的恒压稳定性。结果表明:在喷雾流量发生变化时,试验装置能使喷头的喷雾角和雾量分布稳定在固定范围内。     

断奶对仔猪肠道屏障的影响及营养调控

在集约化养殖中,3~4周龄早期断奶是仔猪生命周期中一个非常紧张的时期,此时仔猪胃肠道还未发育成熟。肠道屏障由上皮、免疫和肠神经系统组成,这些系统控制上皮屏障的完整性以及肠道功能,包括肠腔营养物质、水和电解质的运输。早期断奶导致肠道通透性增加,出现胃肠功能紊乱的情况,可能对猪只一生产生长期的影响。因此,仔猪断奶饲粮需要正确水平的营养素、营养源和高质量的添加剂,鼓励仔猪快速进食,减轻或消除断奶应激综合症,降低死亡率和发病率。养猪就是养"肠道",合理使用功能性氨基酸、植物化学物质和有机酸等添加剂,能够修复由于断奶应激综合症导致的肠道屏障功能障碍。     

2018—2020年四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对

为评估四川省兽医系统实验室检测能力和水平，2018—2020年四川省动物疫病预防控制中心组织全省21个地市（州）级兽医实验室开展了检测能力比对。结果显示：2018—2020年全省整体平均正确率分别为95.59%、97.09%和97.88%，说明四川省地市（州）级兽医实验室检测能力处于较高水平，能满足非洲猪瘟、禽流感等重大动物疫病检测需要。同时，部分实验室也反映出一些问题，如设备差、检测水平不高、检测报告不规范等。建议加大兽医实验室建设力度，更新完善检测设施设备；加强实验室技术人员培训，提升其检测能力和水平；同时继续推进兽医系统实验室考核工作，加强比对考核。     

优质棉中棉所127与高衣分材料杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质表型评价及典型相关分析

以纤维品质优异的陆地棉品种中棉所127为父本，以高衣分品系GH07-44为母本，构建了F₂和F_2:3分离群体，并对F₂和F_2:3群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行表型评价及典型相关分析。结果发现，分离群体各性状存在丰富的遗传变异和超亲分离，变异系数为1.15%～15.19%；F₂群体中铃重的变异系数最大，2个世代中纤维成熟度指数的变异系数均最小。超高亲比例为1.71%～66.86%，其中F_2:3群体马克隆值的超高亲比例最高，2个世代中最小的超高亲比例性状均为上半部平均长度。简单相关分析表明：衣分与马克_{隆值、成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数呈极显著负相关；铃重与马克隆值呈极显著正相关，与F}2群体的成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与F_2:3群体的成熟度指数呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明，产量性状组与纤维品质性状组间存在相关关系，主要表现在衣分与上半部平均长度呈负相关、与马克隆值呈正相关，随着世代的增加，产量和品质性状的相关性降低，因此实现产量和纤维品质同步改良虽有一定难度但有可能实现。本研究筛选出2个世代衣分均超过43%且纤维品质较好的材料9个（马克隆值均值＜4.5、上半部平均长度均值＞30 mm），为棉花产量和纤维品质的同步改良提供了基础材料。     

俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦农业支持水平及支持政策比较研究

俄罗斯与哈萨克斯坦是欧亚经济联盟的重要成员国,是丝绸之路经济带上的重要国家,分析两国农业支持水平和支持政策,有助于推动丝绸之路经济带建设与欧亚经济联盟有效对接。本文运用OECD(经济合作与发展组织)政策评价方法通过比较分析俄哈两国农业支持水平和支持政策,发现两国农业支持政策措施相同点多、差异性少。相同点是两国农业总体支持水平均呈上升趋势,对生产者的支持均以直接补贴为主,优惠信贷支持、补贴、税收优惠和价格支持是两国主要政策支持措施。差异性主要体现在支持水平的变化趋势以及支持政策的具体实施上。     

Naringin-loaded Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Gelatin Electrospun Mat as a Potential Wound Dressing: In vitro and In vivo Evaluation

In the present study, naringin, a flavonoid isolated from the grape and citrus fruit species, was incorporated with poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin composite mats in order to develop a potential wound dressing. The composite mats were prepared by electrospinning of poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin (1:1 (w/w)) solution incorporated with 1.50 %, 3 % and 6 % (w/w) of naringin. The electrospun mats were evaluated regarding their morphology, contact angle, water-uptake capacity, water vapor transmission rate, tensile properties, drug release, cellular response and in vivo wound healing activity. The study showed that after 2 weeks, the full-thickness excisional wounds of Wistar rats treated with the naringin-loaded dressings achieved a wound closure of higher than 94 % and the dressing containing 6 % (w/w) naringin had almost 100 % wound closure. The sterile gauze, as the control group, showed nearly 86 % of wound closure after this period of time. Our results provided evidence that supports the possible applicability of naringin-loaded wound dressing for successful wound treatment.     

一株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗细菌的分离鉴定及其耐铝特性研究

从甜瓜根际酸性土壤中分离筛选到1株耐铝甜瓜枯萎病拮抗菌，命名为A2。根据表型、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析，将其鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.。菌株A2对甜瓜枯萎病病原菌的相对防效为68.3%，且拮抗能力具有遗传稳定性。相比AlCl3处理，菌株A2对Al2(SO4)3表现出了更好的耐受性，最高可耐受50mmol/L Al3+。在含有A13+的S-LB培养基中，菌株最适生长温度为30 ℃；培养基初始pH值的降低会加剧A13+对菌株A2的毒害作用。研究结果可为含活性铝的酸性土壤中甜瓜枯萎病的生物防治提供优良菌株资源和理论基础。     

Swim bladder inflation as a possible cause of saddleback-like syndrome malformation in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus akaara</Emphasis>

Saddleback-like syndrome is one of the most frequently observed malformations in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. Saddleback-like syndrome is characterized by a V-shaped dorsal-profile depression behind the head region accompanied by deformities or misalignments of the first to fourth neural spines on the vertebral column and the first to fourth pterygiophores of the dorsal fin. Abnormal swim bladder inflation in several finfish species leads to malformations, particularly of the vertebral column. The present study examined the influence of swim bladder inflation on saddleback-like syndrome in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper. The incidence of saddleback-like syndrome increased as swim bladder inflation rate increased. Additionally, the incidence of saddleback-like syndrome among juveniles with inflated swim bladders was significantly higher than that among juveniles with uninflated swim bladders. The larval swim bladder is located just below the first to fifth vertebrae and the first to fifth dorsal spines, where saddleback-like syndrome occurs. Our results suggest that an inflated swim bladder increases the risk of saddleback-like syndrome in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper.     

Cylindrospermopsin effects on cell viability and redox milieu of Neotropical fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hoplias malabaricus</Emphasis> hepatocytes

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin that is cytotoxic to a wide variety of cells, particularly to the hepatocytes. In this study, the toxic effects of purified CYN were investigated in primary cultured hepatocytes of Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus. After isolation, attachment, and recovery for 72 h, the cells were exposed for 72 h to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 μg l^?1 of CYN. Then, cell viability and a set of oxidative stress biomarker responses were determined. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were not affected by exposure to CYN. Concentration-dependent decrease of glutathione reductase activity occurred for most CYN-exposed groups, whereas non-protein thiol content increased only for the highest CYN concentration. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage levels were not altered, but reactive oxygen species levels increased in the cells exposed to the highest concentration of CYN. Cell viability decreased in all the groups exposed to CYN. Thus, CYN may cause a slight change in redox balance, but it is not the main cause of cell death in H. malabaricus hepatocytes.