Seaweed polysaccharide mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through NF-κB pathway suppression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide (SWP) on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by E. coli in an IPEC-J2 model. A preliminary study was done to screen optimum SWP concentrations by cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and proliferation evaluation. The regular study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of SWP against E. coli challenge via the analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), tight junction proteins, NF-κB signalling pathway, proinflammatory cytokines and the E. coli adhesion and invasion. Our results show that 4 h E. coli challenge down-regulated tight junction proteins expression, decreased TEER, activated NF-κB signalling pathway and increased proinflammatory response, which indicates that the E. coli infection model was well-established. Pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h alleviated the 4 h E. coli -induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 at both mRNA and protein level and the increased TEER of IPEC-J2 cells. Pre-incubation with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by 4 h E. coli challenge, including the decreased mRNA expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IκBα, p-65, as well as the reduced ratio of protein expression of p-p65/p65. Also, pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h decreased proinflammatory response (IL-6 and TNF-α) induced by 4 h E. coli challenge and decreased the E. coli adhesion and invasion. In conclusion, SWP mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by E. coli through NF-κB pathway in IPEC-J2 cells and 240 μg/ml SWP exhibited better effect. Our results also provide a fundamental basis for SWP in reducing post-weaning diarrhoea of weaned piglets, especially under E. coli -infected or in-feed antibiotic-free conditions.     

紫穗槐幼苗不同生长阶段叶水势对干旱胁迫与复水的响应特征

为揭示紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）幼苗叶水势对土壤干旱与复水环境的响应特征，本研究通过盆栽试验，研究了土壤干旱胁迫及复水对紫穗槐幼苗不同生长阶段叶水势的影响。结果表明：土壤水分、干旱历时和生长阶段3个因素以及各因素间的相互作用对紫穗槐幼苗叶水势均有极显著影响（P<0.01）；随着干旱程度加剧，幼苗叶水势呈下降趋势，水分胁迫指数呈上升趋势；40.00%土壤相对含水量下的幼苗叶水势下降幅度达到最大，其中干旱15 d的生长初期和生长中期以及干旱30 d的生长后期的叶水势分别比对照下降了0.71 MPa，1.12 MPa和0.58 MPa；复水后，叶水势出现补偿效应，随着复水后时间的延长，幼苗3个生长阶段叶水势逐渐恢复，恢复速率与干旱程度、干旱历时和生长阶段密切相关，但均在复水72小时后恢复到接近对照水平。     

筒状固定床花生通风干燥性能指标模拟与分析

为了解筒状固定床花生干燥机理、作业性能,确定合理的结构和通风参数,根据干燥过程花生荚果和介质空气间的热质传递关系,以PDE模型为理论基础,建立了适用于筒状固定床花生通风干燥计算机模拟的离散模型,该模型可计算花生干燥实时状态及批次干燥耗时、不均匀度、生产率、单位质量能耗等干燥指标。经试验验证,模型模拟结果与试验结果基本相符,料层花生平均含水率和温度模拟值和试验值的相关系数r>0.975,模型模拟可用于筒状床花生干燥过程分析。在此基础上,分析了单位面积通风量、筒状固定床外径、内径变化对上述指标的影响。结果表明:受介质空气温度降低和相对湿度增加影响,内层物料干燥起始时间和干燥速率存在一定的滞后性,但单位面积通风量沿通风方向逐渐增大的特性对内层物料的干燥滞后有较好改善;随着单位面积通风量增加,干燥不均匀度明显降低,生产率亦有显著提高,但单位质量能耗增幅较大;筒状床外径增加或内径减小都可增加生产率,降低单位质量干燥能耗,但干燥不均匀问题很难解决。为进一步确定最优的结构和通风参数,采用均匀设计模拟试验和综合加权评分法,得出筒状固定床外径2.75 m,内径0.935 m,外进风面单位面积通风量0.36 m^3/(m^2·s)时干燥效果最优,此时干燥时耗39.2 h、生产率86.55 kg/h、单位质量能耗5.87×10~6 J/kg、干燥不均匀度1.54%。该研究可为筒状固定床干燥设备设计优化提供技术支撑。     

水生植物对不同氮磷水平养殖尾水的综合净化能力比较

为了筛选适用于不同氮磷浓度畜禽养殖尾水的生态浮岛优势物种，选取水芹、凤眼莲、鸢尾、再力花、黄菖蒲5种挺水植物和狐尾藻、伊乐藻、金鱼藻3种沉水植物，通过模拟实验考察了这8种植物在不同氮磷浓度条件下的生长特征及其对水中氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）、总磷（TP）、COD的去除效率，并对其进行曲线回归及主成分分析，综合评价不同水生植物对畜禽养殖废水中氮磷的净化功能。结果表明：凤眼莲、再力花在较低氮磷水平（NH₄⁺-N 80~120 mg·L^-1，TP 8~16 mg·L^-1）下的去除能力明显高于其他水生植物；水芹和黄菖蒲在较高氮磷水平（NH₄⁺-N 180~220 mg·L^-1，TP 30~35 mg·L^-1）下的去除效果较好，并具有良好的适应能力；沉水植物中狐尾藻净化效果较好，生物量增长显著（P<0.05）；凤眼莲在实验过程中虽净化能力良好，但易引发次生环境问题，应谨慎选择，因地制宜。     

新乡贤队伍建设与乡村振兴:来自绍兴的调查与研究

作为"乡贤研究会"首创之地和"新乡贤"概念诞生之地,绍兴市自然也是新乡贤队伍建设的先行之地,已经成为全国乡贤文化之乡和新乡贤队伍建设的标杆。绍兴市的新乡贤队伍建设,肇始于2001年上虞乡贤研究会的成立,在2015年的乡贤政策年臻于高峰。经过多年培育和发展,定位为"村民自治的有益补充"、起"补位和辅助作用"的近2万新乡贤队伍,在乡村经济、文化、公益、自治等方面发挥着积极作用,但与此同时也显现了新乡贤队伍建设流于形式、结构相对失衡,以及党政介入过度、党政机构与新乡贤组织职责和权力边界不清晰等问题。解剖这一领先全国的典型个案,对于其他地区的新乡贤队伍建设和现代乡村振兴,无疑具有较好的理论意义和现实价值。     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth,flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

To investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus, a 56‐day feeding trial with five graded levels of dietary VC (D1: 11.69, D2: 34.89, D3: 59.10, D4: 114.26 and D5: 227.93 mg VC per kg of diet) was performed on 375 fish (triplicate groups of 25 fish per diet, initial weight 13.57 ± 0.09 g). Results showed that fish of D3 group exhibited the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) and the highest liver enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), which were consistent with the expression levels of cat and gsh‐px. Besides, the D3 group also showed higher contents of protein and lipid, and lower cooking loss, drip loss and malondialdehyde content in muscle than D1 group. The docosahexaenoic acid proportion in muscle increased with increasing dietary VC levels. Furthermore, the lowest expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (cpt1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (pparα) were detected in livers of D3 group. The optimum dietary VC level was 49.73 mg/kg from the broken‐line analysis based on the SGR, in which better growth performance, antioxidative ability and flesh quality were observed in T. ovatus juveniles.     

三七地上茎4个转录因子基因转录水平的纵向变化及其与总三萜皂苷含量的关系

为三七绿紫茎三萜皂苷合成转录调控机理提供参考，将彻底长成的绿紫茎均分为18段，用实时荧光定量PCR检测茎段的三七碱性螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白基因（bHLH）、乙烯响应因子基因（ERF）、v-myb骨髓母细胞增多症病毒癌基因同源物基因（MYB）和WRKY1蛋白基因（WRKY1）的转录水平，用香草醛-高氯酸比色法检测茎段的总三萜皂苷含量（TTSC），分析转录水平与TTSC间的Pearson相关性。结果表明：从三七绿紫茎的顶部到基部，三七bHLH、ERF、MYB和WRKY1的转录水平分别呈一条波动式平缓上升、7峰、波动幅度逐渐增大的6峰和具2个主峰的6峰曲线；TTSC呈V型曲线，最低TTSC出现在茎上部的黄金分割点处；4种转录因子基因的转录水平和TTSC在不同茎段间的差异均达到极显著水平，且转录水平与TTSC之间的Pearson相关系数分别为0.371、0.130、－0.169和－0.195。因此，与三七绿紫茎三萜皂苷合成相关的主要转录因子应为三七的碱性螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白，其次为乙烯响应因子。     

基于文献分析的中国当代竹刻研究评述

通过检索相关文献,分析了1959以来中国有关竹刻的研究现状。结果表明,中国的竹刻研究呈现明显的阶段性、地域性,在研究涉及的领域和具体内容上存在着局限性。在文献分析的基础上,提出了今后竹刻研究的重点方向,即通过与心理学、传播学、教育学、社会学等学科结合,多层面、多方向、多角度展示中国竹刻工艺。