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排序方式: 共有182条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Seiichi Kanetani Mitsuteru Akiba Katsunori Nakamura Koichiro Gyokusen Akira Saito 《Journal of Forest Research》2001,6(4):307-310
The process of decline of an endangered tree species,Pinus armandii var.amamiana, was monitored on the southern slope of Mt. Hasa-dake in Yaku-shima Island from 1994 to 1998. There are 163 trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana over 1.3 m in height. They are distributed on steep ridges and rocks with a thin soil layer mostly consisting of friable
granite. During the monitoring period, 21 trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana died and the mortality rate was 12.9%. Dead trees were categorized into three types: standing, uprooted and landslide. The
uprooted- and landslide-typed dead trees were found only after a severe typhoon struck Yaku-shima Island. This suggests that
the combination of fragile site conditions and severe typhoons play an important role in the process of decline ofP. armandii var.amamiana. The standing-typed dead trees were presumed to have been killed by pine wilt disease, accounting for 71.4% of the dead trees.
However,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the cause of pine wilt disease, was not detected from any of the wood chips or branch samples from the standing-typed dead
trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana. This might indicate that some factor(s) other than pine wilt disease could be responsible for the standing-typed death ofP. armandii var.amamiana in natural habitats.
A part of this paper was presented at the 109th Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society. 相似文献
2.
To elucidate the formation mechanism of acidsoluble lignin (ASL) formed in the Klason lignin determination, beech wood meals were treated with sulfuric acid (SA) under various conditions, and the ASL solution was extracted with CHC13. The results indicated the following: (1) wood components yielding ASL are dissolved in 72% SA during the initial stage; (2) the quantity of ASL is highest during the initial stage, then decreases with prolonged time of 72% SA treatment and finally reaches a constant value; (3) soluble lignin prepared by 72% SA treatment and subsequent standing in 3% SA again yield insoluble Klason lignin and ASL after boiling in 3% SA; and (4) about half the amount of ASL is dissolved in CHC13. The foregoing suggest that wood components yielding ASL are dissolved in 72% SA at the beginning and finally change to ASL after being subjected to depolymerization, hydrolysis, and other reactions. ASL may thus be composed of low-molecular-weight degradation products and hydrophilic derivatives of lignin. 相似文献
3.
Application of cationic polymer prepared from sulfuric acid lignin as a retention aid for usual rosin sizes to neutral papermaking 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yasuyuki?MatsushitaEmail author Ayuko?Iwatsuki Seiichi?Yasuda 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(6):540-544
Cationic polymers that acted as the retention aids for usual rosin sizes in neutral papermaking were prepared from sulfuric acid lignin (SAL), one type of acid lignin. To convert SAL to the cationic polymer (MP-SAL), SAL was phenolated and then treated by the Mannich reaction to introduce the amino groups. In the MP-SAL single system, MP-SAL exhibited high sizing effectiveness in neutral papermaking with the rosin emulsion size. However, MP-SAL showed no sizing effectiveness when soap rosin size was used. MP-SAL showed increased sizing effectiveness as the pK
a of the introduced amino group increased. From this and comparison of the sizing degrees of MP-SAL and polyethylenimine, which possesses a linear structure, it was suggested that the sizing effectiveness was not only affected by the charge density and molecular weight, but also by the basicity of the introduced amino groups and the molecular structure of the retention aid. In the alum–MP-SAL dual system, alum and MP-SAL synergistically enhanced the sizing effectiveness in the rosin emulsion sizing at neutral pH. In turn, this allowed a decrease in the MP-SAL dosage and resulted in a small decrease in brightness.Part of this report was presented at the 48th Lignin Symposium, October 2003, Fukui 相似文献
4.
A tracer experiment using synthesized labeled lignin precursors was designed to confirm the actual biosynthetic pathway for syringyl lignin. Tetradeuteroferulic acid-[8-D, 3-OCD(3)] and heptadeuterosinapic acid-[8-D, 3,5-OCD(3)] were synthesized and fed to shoots of robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia) and oleander (Nerium indicum) trees. The incorporation of each labeled precursor into lignin was traced by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The synthesized sinapic acid, in which both methoxy groups were labeled, was useful in monitoring the conversion of sinapic acid into syringyl lignin. When heptadeuterosinapic acid was fed, syringyl units containing seven deuterium labels were detected. The results of this study support the traditionally accepted pathway that sinapic acid is converted to sinapyl alcohol via sinapoyl-CoA in robinia and oleander. 相似文献
5.
Seiichi Nishimura Kenji Kimiwada Atsushi Yagioka Satoshi Hayashi Norikuni Oka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(2):360-368
ABSTRACT Emission of methane (CH4), a major greenhouse gas, from submerged paddy soils is generally reduced by introducing intermittent drainage in summer, which is a common water management in Japan. However, such a practice is not widely conducted in Hokkaido, a northern region in Japan, to prevent a possible reduction in rice grain yield caused by cold weather. Therefore, the effects of intermittent drainage on CH4 emission and rice grain yield have not been investigated comprehensively in Hokkaido. In this study, we conducted a three-year field experiment in Hokkaido and measured CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and rice grain yield to elucidate whether the reduction in CH4 emission can be achieved in Hokkaido as well as other regions in Japan. Four experimental treatments, namely, two soil types [soils of light clay (LiC) and heavy clay (HC) textures] and two water management [continuous flood irrigation (CF), and intermittent drainage (ID)], were used, and CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured throughout the rice cultivation periods from 2016 to 2018. Cumulative CH4 emissions in 2016 were markedly low, suggesting an initially low population of methanogens in the soils presumably due to no soil submergence or crop cultivation in the preceding years, which indicates a possible reduction in CH4 emission by introducing paddy-upland crop rotation. Cumulative CH4 emissions in the ID-LiC and ID-HC plots were 21–91% lower than those in the CF-LiC and CF-HC plots, respectively, whereas the cumulative N2O emissions did not significantly differ between the different water managements. The amount of CH4 emission reduction by the intermittent drainage was largest in 2018, with a comparatively long period of the first drainage for 12 days in summer. Rice grain yields did not significantly differ between the different water managements for the entire 3 years, although the percentage of well-formed rice grains was reduced by the intermittent drainage in 2018. These results suggest that CH4 emission from paddy fields can be reduced with no decrease in rice grain yield by the intermittent drainage in Hokkaido. In particular, the first drainage for a long period in summer is expected to reduce CH4 emission markedly. 相似文献
6.
7.
Tomonari Kotani Masashi Yokota Hiroshi Fushimi Seiichi Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(2):255-261
Survival in larval rearing experiments is difficult to estimate due to accidental losses and periodic sampling. The number
of sampled fish can be a large proportion of the stocked ones, making it difficult to calculate the overall survival rate
and mortality coefficient as this is based on the initial number. Here, a new method of calculating survival is proposed using
the mortality coefficient. When the initial stocking density and sampled and final numbers are known, and assuming that mortality
coefficient is constant, the final number of fishes can be represented by the formula N
t = e−mt
(N
0 − ΣN
Sne
mdn), where t is rearing period (days), N
0 indicates initial number, N
t indicates the survival number at t days of rearing, m is the natural mortality coefficient, N
Sn is the sampled number in the nth sampling, and dn is the rearing period until removal of the nth sample. The provisional mortality coefficient is calculated from initial and final stocking numbers. Then values for the
natural mortality coefficient are substituted into the formula with successive approximation. The coefficient, which most
closely approximates the actual survival, is determined as the best fit natural mortality coefficient. Examples of larval
experiments are provided to demonstrate the method and show that survival is often underestimated using traditional methods. 相似文献
8.
Mohamed Salah Mahjoub Seiichi Takeda Toshifumi Hayashi Daisuke Shiode Takafumi Arimoto Tadashi Tokai 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(2):169-181
Codend selectivity for the jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus and the whitefin jack Kaiwarinus equula were evaluated based on data from trouser trawl experiments carried out in the East China Sea, using a test codend of 60 mm diamond mesh and a control codend made of minnow net with a square mesh of 9 mm bar length. Between-haul variations in parameters and the mean selection curves were tested with the catch data in the SELECT approach, and then the model of between-haul variation in the split parameter with the mean selection curve was chosen as the best fit using Akaike’s information criterion model selection. The 50% retention lengths and the selection ranges were 11.4 and 3.36 cm for jack mackerel and 8.83 and 0.93 cm for whitefin jack, respectively. The selection curve for whitefin jack was sharp, whereas that for jack mackerel was relatively wide. As the estimated split parameters indicated, about 80% of the whitefin jack entered the control codend, but 85 and 90% of the jack mackerel entered the control codend in the second and third hauls, respectively. The inequality in the split parameter is discussed from the viewpoint of the animal’s swimming behavior and water movement based on underwater video observations. 相似文献
9.
Masaharu Komatsu Naoki Ichiyama Takashi Kurimoto Shota Takumi Kazuhiro Shiozaki Yasumasa Sugiyama Tatsuhiko Furukawa Seiichi Ando Saki Itonori Hiroaki Saito 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):313-320
We have previously established the method for isolation of ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP) from jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas. In this study, we performed a MTT assay to evaluate the safety of CAEP to the cell lines for the application to health food and supplements. The CAEP did not show any cytotoxicity to various HEK293-transfectant cells. Next, we elucidated the positive function of CAEP to the somatic cells. Recently, we have reported that hepatotoxin microcystin-LR was taken up into the hepatocytes mediated by hepatocellular uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, and the cells were induced cytotoxicity subsequently. Cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR to permanently OATP1B3-expressing HEK293-OATP1B3 cells rather than to HEK293-OATP1B1 cells was preferentially attenuated by CAEP in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the enzyme activity of serine/threonine phosphatase, which was inhibited by microcystin-LR, was recuperated by co-exposure to CAEP. Furthermore, microcystin-LR-induced cellular protein phosphorylation were disrupted by CAEP exposure. These results suggested that CAEP is a promising remedy and/or preventive medicine for liver damage with microcystin-LR. 相似文献
10.
Seiichi Furuya Mai Mochizuki Seiya Saito Hironori Kobayashi Tsutomu Takayanagi Shunji Suzuki 《Pest management science》2010,66(11):1268-1272
BACKGROUND: The increasing occurrence of QoI fungicide resistance in Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & MA Curtis) Berl. & DeToni populations is becoming a serious problem in the control of grapevine downy mildew. In Japan, the existence of QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola was reported in 2009. RESULTS: The QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola samples collected from vineyards in Japan in 2008 and 2009 was monitored. Resistant P. viticola were detected in the regions where QoI fungicides have been introduced in accordance with the pest management programme, whereas in Hokkaido vineyards, where QoI fungicides have not yet been introduced, QoI‐fungicide‐resistant P. viticola were not found. CONCLUSION: Japan comprises thousands of islands and is physically isolated from other countries by the sea. Monitoring the emergence, incidence and distribution of QoI fungicide resistance in P. viticola populations in Japan is necessary to improve pest management strategies for downy mildew disease in Japanese vineyards. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献