基于PLC的火灾报警控制系统设计

随着我国社会经济的飞速发展,在石油生产装置建设的过程中,由于其规模数量巨大,所以易燃易爆化学产品引发火灾事件屡屡发生。所以需要对自动报警系统进行严格的管控,从而保证化工生产装置的安全性。因此,针对由PCL做核心控制器的火灾报警系统自动化做出描述,并与消防系统联动控制的同时对其组成部分工作原理及相关工作进行了详细介绍。     

马铃薯致病疫霉拮抗细菌研究进展

为了解决马铃薯致病疫霉侵染马铃薯导致其死亡,进而造成马铃薯单位种植产量低的问题。本文从拮抗菌入手,归纳分析细菌类拮抗菌中的主要拮抗菌中芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和粘细菌对马铃薯致病疫霉的抑制作用。同时,在总结前人研究的基础上,笔者认为在拮抗菌应用方面,可以采用多对一的新型平板对峙筛菌模式来模拟复杂条件下拮抗菌的拮抗作用,以期得到稳定的拮抗菌;并指出应从定植能力和根际微生物影响方面对拮抗菌实际应用的可行性进行研究;此外,提出未来对拮抗菌抑制马铃薯致病疫霉的探究应从表型层面的研究深入到分子层面,以期能成功从源头找寻抑制马铃薯致病疫霉的答案。     

微生物菌剂对青椒生长、品质和土壤养分状况的影响

以"圣鼎一号"青椒为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究了增施微生物菌剂对青椒生长、品质和土壤养分状况的影响,以期为青椒合理的增施微生物菌剂提供参考依据.结果表明:增施含有侧孢短芽孢杆菌的微生物菌剂A能更有效地促进青椒生长,提高青椒的果实品质产量和土壤养分;与其它处理相比,减量施肥+微生物菌剂A处理促进青椒生长,提高果实品质产量的效果最明显.与其它增施微生物菌剂的处理相比,青椒的株高、茎粗和叶绿素均有不同程度的提高,使青椒维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物和总产量分别提高了 3.3％～15.1％、14.2％～25.2％、6.2％～8.8％和23.3％～36.2％,硝酸盐含量降低了 9.1％～11.8％;与其它处理相比,常规施肥+微生物菌剂A处理使土壤养分含量增加的效果最明显.与其它增施微生物菌剂的处理相比,使土壤的硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了 3.5～9.4％、4.8～14.0％和3.5～9.6％.增施含有侧孢短芽孢杆菌的微生物菌剂A可以作为一种促进青椒生长、增加果实品质产量和提高土壤养分的方法.     

果园有机肥深施机分层变量排肥控制系统设计与试验

果园不同深度的土壤养分不同，果树根系分层吸肥能力不同，有机肥分层变量深施可以解决传统施肥存在的养分分布不均和肥料利用率低等问题。针对有机肥分层变量深施的排肥控制问题，本文设计了排肥控制系统，可以根据用户设置的各层理论排肥量和作业速度，实时计算液压马达的理论转速，并采用PID算法控制比例流量阀开度，调节马达转速驱动螺旋输送器排肥，实现分层变量排肥。将AMESim中建立的液压系统模型与在Matlab/Simulink中建立的控制模型进行联合仿真，整定PID参数。液压马达转速调节性能试验中最大超调量为14r/min，达到稳定转速的时间最大为6s，控制性能较好，表明通过AMESim-Matlab/Simulink联合仿真，能够快速便捷地整定PID参数，结果准确可靠。排肥控制性能试验中排肥量相对误差最大6.20%，变异系数最大8.69%，排肥量准确性和均匀性均达到要求。设计的控制系统具有较好的性能，能为果园有机肥分层变量深施提供技术支撑。     

Cf-2/Rcr3pim番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗性测定

Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄不仅能够抵御番茄叶霉菌的侵染,而且对马铃薯金线虫的寄生也有一定的抑制效果。为挖掘根结线虫的新抗性资源,本研究采用室内人工接种法测定了Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)、Cf-2/Rcr3-3和Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系对南方根结线虫的抗感性。抗性评价结果显示,Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)品系对南方根结线虫表现高感,Cf-2/Rcr3-3品系为中感,而Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)品系则为感病。与Cf-0/Rcr3~(pim)和Cf-2/Rcr3-3基因型相比,Cf-2/Rcr3~(pim)基因型番茄品系虽然对南方根结线虫侵染的敏感性略低,但是不能阻止线虫在根系上的大量繁殖,不适于根结线虫的防控应用。     

Naringin-loaded Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Gelatin Electrospun Mat as a Potential Wound Dressing: In vitro and In vivo Evaluation

In the present study, naringin, a flavonoid isolated from the grape and citrus fruit species, was incorporated with poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin composite mats in order to develop a potential wound dressing. The composite mats were prepared by electrospinning of poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin (1:1 (w/w)) solution incorporated with 1.50 %, 3 % and 6 % (w/w) of naringin. The electrospun mats were evaluated regarding their morphology, contact angle, water-uptake capacity, water vapor transmission rate, tensile properties, drug release, cellular response and in vivo wound healing activity. The study showed that after 2 weeks, the full-thickness excisional wounds of Wistar rats treated with the naringin-loaded dressings achieved a wound closure of higher than 94 % and the dressing containing 6 % (w/w) naringin had almost 100 % wound closure. The sterile gauze, as the control group, showed nearly 86 % of wound closure after this period of time. Our results provided evidence that supports the possible applicability of naringin-loaded wound dressing for successful wound treatment.     

Swim bladder inflation as a possible cause of saddleback-like syndrome malformation in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epinephelus akaara</Emphasis>

Saddleback-like syndrome is one of the most frequently observed malformations in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. Saddleback-like syndrome is characterized by a V-shaped dorsal-profile depression behind the head region accompanied by deformities or misalignments of the first to fourth neural spines on the vertebral column and the first to fourth pterygiophores of the dorsal fin. Abnormal swim bladder inflation in several finfish species leads to malformations, particularly of the vertebral column. The present study examined the influence of swim bladder inflation on saddleback-like syndrome in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper. The incidence of saddleback-like syndrome increased as swim bladder inflation rate increased. Additionally, the incidence of saddleback-like syndrome among juveniles with inflated swim bladders was significantly higher than that among juveniles with uninflated swim bladders. The larval swim bladder is located just below the first to fifth vertebrae and the first to fifth dorsal spines, where saddleback-like syndrome occurs. Our results suggest that an inflated swim bladder increases the risk of saddleback-like syndrome in hatchery-reared red spotted grouper.     

Cylindrospermopsin effects on cell viability and redox milieu of Neotropical fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hoplias malabaricus</Emphasis> hepatocytes

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin that is cytotoxic to a wide variety of cells, particularly to the hepatocytes. In this study, the toxic effects of purified CYN were investigated in primary cultured hepatocytes of Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus. After isolation, attachment, and recovery for 72 h, the cells were exposed for 72 h to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 μg l^?1 of CYN. Then, cell viability and a set of oxidative stress biomarker responses were determined. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were not affected by exposure to CYN. Concentration-dependent decrease of glutathione reductase activity occurred for most CYN-exposed groups, whereas non-protein thiol content increased only for the highest CYN concentration. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage levels were not altered, but reactive oxygen species levels increased in the cells exposed to the highest concentration of CYN. Cell viability decreased in all the groups exposed to CYN. Thus, CYN may cause a slight change in redox balance, but it is not the main cause of cell death in H. malabaricus hepatocytes.