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ABSTRACT:   To investigate inheritance of chloroplasts and mitochondria (organelles) in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis , cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) profiles of the two strains, TU-2 and KGJ, as parental gametophytes and 44 hybrid sporophytes (i.e. female of TU-2 and male of KGJ) were examined. A carbamyl phosphate synthase small subunit gene ( carA ) and ribosomal protein S11 gene ( rps11 )-small subunit ribosomal RNA gene ( rns ) spacer region were used as molecular markers for the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs, respectively. Thirty-eight of 44 (86.4%) conchocelis colonies showed maternal banding patterns, five (11.4%) colonies showed biparental bands and one (2.2%) colony showed paternal bands in CAPS analyses both with chloroplast and mitochondrial markers. These results suggest that organelles of P. yezoensis are inherited uniparentally from the female parent.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT:   A cDNA ( PyARP4 ) containing an open reading frame for a protein of 573 amino acids was identified in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis . The conceptual PyARP4 protein exhibits significant similarity to actin-related protein (ARP) 4 in the terrestrial plant Arabidopsis . Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence showed moderate sequence identity (30%) to a conventional actin in P. yezoensis , as seen in comparisons between ARP and conventional actins of other organisms. A putative bipartite nuclear localization signal and an actin motif were found within the PyARP4 amino acid sequence. In a phylogenetic analysis, the PyARP4 was found to cluster with the ARP4 of other organisms. The expression level of PyARP4 did not change significantly among four developmental stages of life cycle and was lower than that of a conventional actin. This cDNA therefore may serve as a useful internal standard in gene expression analyses of differentially expressed genes in P. yezoensis .  相似文献   
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In 160 cows with ovarian cysts as determined by rectal palpation, differentiation was made of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum on the basis of milk progesterone concentrations estimated by an enzyme immunoassay before and at 10 days after cows were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Cows having a progesterone concentration in skim milk less than 1.0 ng/ml were considered to have follicular cysts and those with concentrations of 1.0 ng/ml or higher were regarded as the cases of luteal cyst or cystic corpus luteum. Luteal cyst was characterized by progesterone values remaining high in the cows for 10 days after treatment, and cystic corpus luteum was characterized by a decrease in progesterone concentration after cows were treated. By the rectal palpation procedure it was impossible to differentiate luteal cyst and cystic corpus luteum from follicular cyst. The frequencies of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum were 65%, 19%, and 16%, respectively. Of 104 cows with follicular cysts as defined by milk progesterone assay result, 73 (70%) responded to the treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the milk progesterone concentration increasing from 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) to 1.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml. The accuracy of rectal palpation 10 days after treatment for judgment of luteinization of follicular cyst confirmed by milk progesterone analysis was only 30% (48 cows of 160).  相似文献   
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Na+/H+ antiporters are known to play a crucial role in pH and Na+ homeostasis. In the present study, we characterized the molecular structures and expression patterns of two Na+/H+ antiporters from the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis (designated PySOS1 and PyNhaD). The full-length cDNAs of PySOS1 and PyNhaD were 5122 and 1804?bp, and contained open reading frames (ORFs) of 4773 and 1275?bp, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences showed high similarity to SOS1 and NhaD from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PySOS1 and PyNhaD contained conserved sequences found in the cation?Cproton antiporter. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that both antiporter genes were expressed in both the gametophyte and sporophyte of P. yezoensis. In addition, mRNA expression of PySOS1 and PyNhaD was simultaneously upregulated by light irradiation, suggesting that coordinated activity between the two is important in pH and Na+ homeostasis under light conditions. Moreover, the expression levels of both genes were partially reduced by the photosynthetic inhibitors DCMU and DBMIB, suggesting that upregulation is linked to photosynthesis-related metabolism. These findings provide an initial step towards understanding Na+/H+ antiporters in marine red algae.  相似文献   
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As a trial to develop a method of authenticating the place of origin of circulated Undaria pinnatifida products, we investigated their intraspecific genetic diversity using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence. Four dried U. pinnatifida products labeled with their origins (one from Japan, one from China and two from Korea), natural plants collected from three locations (two from Japan and one from China), and cultivated plants collected from two locations (one from Japan and one from China) were used in the present study. The amplified fragments of cox1 were 664 bp in length, and the aligned sequences were highly homologous. Among the nine sequences, no insertions or deletions were found and six substitution positions were detected, and they were classified into five haplotypes. In contrast, multiple highly variable regions were found in ITS2, and some of them carried a restriction site for Mbo II. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed different restricted profiles among the tested samples. The availability of molecular markers for authenticating food products of U. pinnatifida is discussed.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT:   Genetic polymorphisms were investigated to develop a simple and rapid method to differentiate between the two closely related species, Porphyra tenera and Porphyra yezoensis . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the specific primer pair of the ARP4 gene gave length polymorphic single fragments of genomic DNAs from five strains of P. tenera (Japan T-8, JTW; Korea KTY1, KTY2, KTY3) and seven strains of P. yezoensis (Japan TU-1, TU-2, TUH-25, JHU, JA-1; Korea KGJ, KPH). All strains of P. yezoensis had introns 60 bp longer than that of P. tenera . Multiple cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were also developed to differentiate P. tenera and P. yezoensis . This is the first report of length polymorphisms that can be used to differentiate between the two species using only PCR amplification with agarose gel electrophoresis. It is expected that the length polymorphism and plentiful CAPS profiles obtained in this study will be useful in the assessment of genetic diversity within P. tenera and P. yezoensis as well as in breeding science that requires the collection of various strains of the two species.  相似文献   
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