Biochars produced from different feedstocks (such as wood, pig manure) possess varying physical and chemical properties, which have influence on crack and evaporation rate of biochar-amended soil (BAS). Furthermore, influence of compaction state and drying-wetting cycles on evaporation rate and cracking of BAS has not been investigated comprehensively. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar types, compaction state of BAS, and drying-wetting cycles on crack propagation and retained water (or evaporation rate).
Material and methods
An animal and plant feedstock-based biochars were produced in-house from pig manure (PM) and wood (W), respectively. In addition, nano structured chalk and wheat biochar (CWB) were also produced. Soil amended with individual biochars was compacted in petri-glass discs at two densities. Disc specimens were subjected to multiple drying-wetting cycles, and evaporation rate of specimens and crack area were monitored throughout the experimental period (70 days). Images were captured after every 24 h and processed using image processing technique to obtain the crack intensity factor (CIF).
Results and discussion
The results show that plant-based W BAS showed the high water retention, i.e., low evaporation rate and low CIF. Furthermore, the crack potential of CW BAS was seen to be higher. In dense compacted soil, maximum CIF% can be reduced from 3.9 to 0.4% for W BAS, from 3.9 to 1.7% for PM BAS, and from 3.9 to 1.6% for CW BAS.
Conclusion
WB was able to resist cracking more efficiently than other types of biochar. Evaporation was found to be minimal for plant-based W BAS at 10% biochar percentage. Higher biochar content in soil was seen to increase the water retention of BAS significantly. Dense state of BAS at high biochar content (i.e., 10%) was effective in reducing evaporation rate and crack progression.
利用二代高通量测序技术对低温胁迫处理的冰菜进行测序,构建冰菜转录组数据库.分别得到24.13 Gb有效数据和24045条Unigene的注释,得到DEGs 1902个(T0 vs T1)和2134个(T0 vs T2).T0 vs T1组和T0 vs T2组分别有40和41个功能小类化归GO数据库;分别有20和24个功能分类注释到KOG数据库;155和272条基因注释到KEGG数据库,并分别富集在74和105条代谢通路.T0 vs T1组DEGs主要注释到植物信号转导等4个代谢通路;T0 vs T2组DEGs注释到苯丙醇类生物合成等11个代谢通路,其中正向影响代谢途径:丙酮醇类生物合成、嘌呤代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、脂肪酸代谢、类黄酮代谢、氨基酸的生物合成代谢途径等;负向影响代谢途径:植物-病原互作、植物激素信号转导、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等途径.通过对淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径关键基因分析表明:低温胁迫1 h (T1),海藻糖6-磷酸合酶、海藻糖-6-磷酸酯酶、β-淀粉酶、葡萄糖-1-磷酸腺苷酰转移酶、糖原磷酸化酶等5个关键基因表现为上调表达,未见下调表达基因;低温胁迫36 h (T2),海藻糖-6-磷酸合酶、己糖激酶、β-淀粉酶等3个关键基因上调表达,葡萄糖内酯-1,3-β-葡萄糖苷酶基因下调表达.选取淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径中8个DEGs,经RT-qPCR分析,8个DEGs的相对表达量与转录组表达水平相符. 相似文献
Early postoperative neuroimaging has been performed in people for over 20 years to detect residual brain tumor tissue and surgical complications. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe characteristics observed using early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in a group of dogs undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor removal. Two independent observers came to a consensus opinion for presence/absence of the following MRI characteristics: residual tumor tissue; hemorrhage and ischemic lesions; abnormal enhancement (including the margins of the resection cavity, choroid plexus, meninges) and signal intensity changes on diffusion‐weighted imaging. Five dogs were included in the study, having had preoperative and early postoperative MRI acquired within four days after surgery. The most commonly observed characteristics were abnormal meningeal enhancement, linear enhancement at margins of the resection cavity, hemorrhage, and a thin rim of hyperintensity surrounding the resection cavity on diffusion‐weighted imaging. Residual tumor tissue was detected in one case of an enhancing tumor and in one case of a tumor containing areas of hemorrhage preoperatively. Residual tumor tissue was suspected but could not be confirmed when tumors were nonenhancing. Findings supported the use of early postoperative MRI as a method for detecting residual brain tumor tissue in dogs. 相似文献