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A 12-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair developed chronic urinary retention, constipation and a decreased perineal reflex following a single lumbo-sacral epidural injection of morphine during general anesthesia. Similar adverse effects have been reported in humans following epidural analgesia, but this is the first reported case of both urinary and bowel dysfunction in a cat purportedly from an epidural. The cat was medically managed with manual bladder expressions, intermittent enemas, and various medications including bethanechol, cisapride and stool softeners. The cat continues to have long-term neurologic dysfunction 15 months post-onset. This case report describes a rare but serious potential risk of lumbo-sacral epidural injections in cats. 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constraint in the cultivation of tomato in Saint Lucia. The limited options and... 相似文献
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Beaugrand J Crônier D Thiebeau P Schreiber L Debeire P Chabbert B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(23):7108-7117
The external layers of wheat grain were investigated during maturation with respect to chemical and structural features and xylanase degradability. Cytochemical changes were observed in the isolated peripheral tissues of the wheat grain at four defined stages following anthesis. Marked chemical changes were highlighted at 11 days after anthesis, for which protein and lipid contents varied weakly. The profile of esterified ferulic acid showed large variation in the maturing peripheral layers of grain in contrast to the deposition of ferulate dimers, p-coumaric and sinapic acids. Lignin was monitored at the latest stages of ripening, which corresponds to the cessation of reserve accumulation in the grain. Arabinoxylans (AX) reached a maximum at 20 days and did not display any significant change in arabinosyl substitution proportion until ripeness. When submitted to xylanase, all outer layers were similarly altered in the proportion of soluble AX except for the peripheral tissues of the 11-day-aged wheat grain that had very little AX. Aleurone and nucellar layers were mostly degraded, whereas pericarp stayed intact at all stages of maturation. This degradation pattern was connected with the preferential immunolocalization of xylanase in aleurone and nucellar layers irrespective of the developmental stages. Further chemical examination of the enzyme-digested peripheral tissues of the grain supports the facts that ferulic ester is not a limiting factor in enzyme efficiency. Arabinose branching, ferulic dimers, and ether-linked monomers that are deposited early in the external layers would have more relevance to the in situ degradability of AX. 相似文献
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Glacial erosion of mountain ranges produces spectacular alpine landscapes and, by linking climate with tectonics, influences a broad array of geophysical phenomena. Although the resultant landforms are easily identified, the timing and spatial pattern of topographic adjustment to Pleistocene glaciations remain poorly known. We investigated topographic evolution in the archetypal glacial landscape of Fiordland, New Zealand, using (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. We find that erosion during the past 2 million years removed the entire pre-Pleistocene landscape and fundamentally reshaped the topography. Erosion focused on steep valley segments and propagated from trunk valleys toward the heads of drainage basins, a behavior expected if subglacial erosion rate depends on ice sliding velocity. The Fiordland landscape illustrates complex effects of climate on Earth's surface morphology. 相似文献
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Hawthorne MF Zink JI Skelton JM Bayer MJ Liu C Livshits E Baer R Neuhauser D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5665):1849-1851
Rotary motion around a molecular axis has been controlled by simple electron transfer processes and by photoexcitation. The basis of the motion is intramolecular rotation of a carborane cage ligand (7,8-dicarbollide) around a nickel axle. The Ni(III) metallacarborane structure is a transoid sandwich with two pairs of carbon vertices reflected through a center of symmetry, but that of the Ni(IV) species is cisoid. The interconversion of the two provides the basis for controlled, rotational, oscillatory motion. The energies of the Ni(III) and Ni(IV) species are calculated as a function of the rotation angle. 相似文献
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Erik Vikingstad Eva Andersson Tom Johnny Hansen Birgitta Norberg Ian Mayer Sigurd Olav Stefansson Per Gunnar Fjelldal Geir Lasse Taranger 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(3):895-907
Maturing male and female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were held under three temperature regimes for 10 weeks between September and December: warm (constant 14–16 °C), ambient (decreasing from 11 to 5 °C), and cold (decreasing from 7 to 3 °C). Blood samples were analyzed for plasma steroid levels, and the fish were inspected for the presence of expressible milt (total volume and spermatocrit) and ovulation weekly. Samples of eggs were dry-fertilized with milt stripped from three males held at the same temperatures and incubated until the eyed stage. In females, levels of plasma testosterone (T) and 17β-oestradiol (E2) dropped as ovulation approached, concurrent with a rapid increase in levels of plasma 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P). In males, levels of T and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) peaked 2–3 weeks after the first appearance of expressible milt, while levels of 17,20β-P increased steadily and did not exhibit a definite peak. Exposure of females to cold water amplified and advanced the profiles of all three steroids compared with the ambient group, and increased the survival rates to the eyed egg stage. Cold water had no immediate effect on the male steroid profiles, but later, higher levels of 17,20β-P were evident compared with both the ambient controls and the warm water group, while the effects on 11-KT and T were more variable. Exposure to warm water completely inhibited both milt production and ovulation. Moreover, warm water modulated the steroid profiles of the males with lower 11-KT levels compared with ambient controls and lower 17,20β-P level compared with cold-water-treated males. In females, warm water resulted in total inhibition of the peri-ovulatory peak in 17,20β-P and prevented the normal decline of T and E2 levels associated with ovulation. The findings of the present study are highly relevant for broodstock management in aquaculture, as well in understanding the impact of climate change/temperature variability on wild salmon spawning. 相似文献
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Vesna Furtula Johnny Liu Patricia Chambers Heather Osachoff Chris Kennedy Joanne Harkness 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1017-1031
This study assessed the efficiency of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in removing sterols based on chemical analyses of both
influents and effluents. Samples from 3s and three tertiary plants were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography mass
spectrometry for 23 individual sterols including mestranol, norethindrone, equol, estrone, equilin, norgestrel, 17α-ethinylestradiol,
17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estriol, dihydrocholesterol (cholestanol), coprostanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, desmosterol,
campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, coprostanone, cholestanone, epicholestanol, stigmastanol, and 24-ethylcoprostanol.
The percentage of sterols remaining in effluent samples (compared to influent samples) ranged from 0% to 80% and varied among
sterol compounds and with STP location and treatment type. Differences in the efficiency of sterol removal for secondary and
tertiary STPs were statistically significant. Although the concentration of sterol compounds differed between influents and
effluents, sterol abundances remained the same. The most abundant sterol detected was cholesterol, followed by the fecal sterol
coprostanol, and the plant sterols 24-ethylcoprostanol and β-sitosterol. For three STPs, the hormone estrone was detected
in effluents at concentrations of 0.03–0.05 μg L−1. Ten sterol ratios specific for human fecal contamination and eight sterol ratios for differentiating among multiple sources
of fecal contamination were calculated and showed that 12 ratios for influent and nine ratios for effluent were successful
for human fecal source tracking. Based on sterol ratio values in this study, new criteria for identification of human fecal
contamination were suggested. 相似文献
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D F Adene O A Durojaiye F A Ogunji 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(6):413-416
Five days old progeny chicks from breeders which have received primary and booster doses of live infectious bursal disease vaccine, demonstrated precipitating antibodies unlike progenies from single dose vaccinated breeders. All chicks from the two different groups of breeders were however seronegative at 22 days of age, despite vaccination at 7 or 14 days of age. Post vaccination seroconversion was first noticeable at 32 days in the group of chicks vaccinated at 7 days. Post challenge mortalities was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) and organ lesions very significantly minimized (P less than 0.01) in 7 day old vaccinated group than in 14 or 28 days old vaccinated chicks. These results showed that early (7 days) IBD Vaccination was superior to vaccination at 14 or 28 days, in terms of antibody response and protectivity against mortalities and bursal lesions. 相似文献