Genetic variation in root development responses to salt stresses of quinoa

Soil salinity has become a serious environmental abiotic stress limiting crop productivity and quality. The root system is the first organ sensing the changes in salinity. Root development under elevated salinity is therefore an important indicator for saline tolerance in plants. Previous studies focused on varietal differences in morphological traits of quinoa under saline stresses; however, variation in root development responses to salinity remains largely unknown. To understand the genetic variation in root development responses to salt stress of quinoa, we conducted a preliminary screening for salinity response at two salinity levels of a diverse set of 52 quinoa genotypes and microsatellite markers were used to link molecular variation to that in root development responses to salt stresses of represented genotypes. The frequency distribution of saline tolerance index showed continuous variation in the quinoa collection. Cluster analysis of salinity responses divided the 52 quinoa genotypes into six major groups. Based on these results, six genotypes representative of groups I to VI including Black quinoa, 2-Want, Atlas, Riobamba, NL-6 and Sayaña, respectively, were selected to evaluate root development under four saline stress levels: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Contrasts in root development responses to saline stress levels were observed in the six genotypes. At 100 mM NaCl, significant differences were not observed in root length development (RLD) and root surface development (RSAD) of most genotypes except Black quinoa; a significant reduction was observed in this genotype as compared to controls. At 200 mM NaCl, significant reduction was detected in RLD and RSAD in all genotypes showing this as the best concentration to discriminate among genotypes. The strongest inhibition of root development was found for all genotypes at 300 mM NaCl as compared to lower saline levels. Among genotypes, Atlas of group III shows as a saline-tolerant genotype confirming previous reports. Variation in root responses to salinity stresses is also discussed in relation to climate conditions of origins of the genotypes and reveal interesting guidelines for further studies exploring the mechanisms behind this aspect of saline adaptation.     

Milk vetch dwarf virus infection in the Solanaceae and Caricaceae families in Southeast Asia

Milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV) is an important member of the genus Nanovirus and is transmitted by the aphid Aphis craccivora. MDV has multiple single-stranded DNA genome components, each approximately 1 kb, and two or three alpha-satellite molecules. It mainly infects plants of the legume family Fabaceae. Recently, papaya (Carica papaya) collected in Yesan, South Korea, displaying symptoms of leaf yellowing and dwarfism, was identified as a new host for MDV. To examine the geographical distribution of MDV, papaya samples with symptoms were harvested in South Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan in August 2018, along with tomato and pepper samples grown in adjacent fields in Vietnam. The results revealed the presence of MDV not only in papaya but also in pepper and tomato. This MDV infection in members of the Solanaceae family was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization performed using a PCR product of segment S as a probe. Based on sequence analysis of three MDV components (M, S, and C3), we verified the presence of three different isolates of MDV in these three countries and homology between sequences of isolates from papaya and from members of the Solanaceae from Vietnam. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate MDV infection in Vietnam and Taiwan for the first time and confirm that MDV can infect economically important pepper and tomato.     

Detection of Novel Reassortant Influenza A (H3N2) and H1N1 2009 Pandemic Viruses in Swine in Hanoi,Vietnam

From May to September 2013, monthly samples were collected from swine in a Vietnamese slaughterhouse for influenza virus isolation and serological testing. A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and a novel H3N2 originating from reassortment between A(H1N1)pdm09 and novel viruses of the North American triple reassortant lineage were isolated. Serological results showed low seroprevalence for the novel H3N2 virus and higher seroprevalence for A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. In addition, serology suggested that other swine influenza viruses are also circulating in Vietnamese swine.     

广东象头山保护区野生动物资源调查和保护对策

为掌握资源现状,受惠州市林业局委托,于1999年5～6月对象头山自然保护区的野生动物资源进行了综合考察,共发现野生动物203种,隶属4纲25目69科，其中两栖纲、爬行纲、鸟纲和哺乳纲分别有19、42、113和29种.东洋界种类占77.33%，动物地理区划属东洋界华南区闽广沿海亚区.国家一、二级保护动物分别有2和23种.最后分析了资源状况，并提出了保护对策.     

模压水泥刨花板生产工艺设计应注意的问题

本文指出了当前模压水泥刨花板生产工艺及设备设计中存在的一些问题，并针对这些问题提出了具体的解决办法。     

大茴香油聚合树脂的合成及应用研究

以乙酸乙酯为溶剂 ,无水AlCl3作催化剂 ,由大茴香油在室温下反应 4h ,合成了聚合物大茴香油聚合树脂 (简称PAOR) ,凝固点降低法测定了树脂的分子质量 ,对树脂进行IR、UV测试分析 ,并考察了树脂对桔皮色素的柱层析吸附分离性能。结果表明 ,合成树脂的分子质量约 1.0 2× 10 3,PAOR在 965cm- 1吸收峰减弱 ,在 70 0～ 80 0cm- 1之间出现 3个新峰 ;PAOR紫外最大吸收峰蓝移 11nm ,表明大茴香油中的双键参与了聚合反应 ,产物中存在芳环三取代物。讨论了反应机理 ,PAOR对桔皮色素有良好的吸附作用 ,树脂的重复使用性较好。     

青云山风景区土壤调查初报

对青云山林业土壤进行全面调查，结果表明：山地土壤有2个土类、6个亚类、12个土属，土属分布以酸性岩红壤为主，占59％；中性岩黄红壤次之，占10.5％；酸性岩粗骨性红壤占9．0％，酸性岩暗红壤占7．4％，其余土属面积较小。并研究了主要土壤类型的理化性质，认为该区域土壤肥力较高。     

农业科研院校科技档案信息化管理体系在科研绩效评价中的作用

简述农业科研院校科技档案的内涵及作用,分析农业科研院校科技档案管理存在的问题,提出构建农业科研院校科技档案信息化管理体系的建议。     

优质稻核心种质青六矮1号及其衍生品种的性状相关性研究

对青六矮1号及其衍生品种(品系)的相关分析表明: 产量与有效穗数呈极显著正相关, 与每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数呈显著负相关; 倒三叶长与倒二叶长呈极显著正相关, 与着粒密度呈显著负相关, 与粒长呈显著正相关, 与垩白率呈显著负相关, 与垩白度呈极显著负相关, 与胶稠度呈显著正相关, 与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关. 主成分分析表     

玉米产量性状主基因-多基因遗传效应的初步研究

利用主基因 -多基因遗传模型 ,以玉米杂交组合农大 3138的P1,P2 ,F1和F2∶3 家系为材料 ,联合分析了玉米产量性状的遗传效应。结果表明 :穗长、穗粗、穗重和单株粒重是由多基因模型控制 ;行粒数和千粒重检测到 1对完全显性主基因 ,穗行数和秃顶长存在 2对主效基因 ,而且穗行数的 2对主效基因之间存在互作效应。同时对不同方法计算出来的遗传率作了比较 ,认为存在主效基因的性状遗传率偏低的原因是由于基因的显性作用所致。讨论了不同产量性状的育种对策