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1.
Pharmacokinetics of xylazine after 2-, 4-, and 6-hr durations of continuous rate infusions in horses
Klaus Hopster Lawrence R. Soma Xiaoqing Li Charlotte Hopster-Iversen Raymond C. Boston Bernd Driessen 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):557-564
Intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of xylazine (XYL) (0.5 mg/kg) immediately followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1 mg kg−1 hr−1 for 2, 4, and 6 hr produced immediate sedation, which lasted throughout the duration of the CRI. Heart rate decreased and blood pressure increased significantly (p > .05) in all horses during the first 15 min of infusion, both returned to and then remained at baseline during the duration of the infusion. Compartmental models were used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of XYL administration. Plasma concentration–time curves following bolus and CRI were best described by a one-compartment model. No differences were found between pharmacokinetic estimates of the CRIs for the fractional elimination rate constant (Ke), half-life (t1/2e), volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance (Cl). Median and range were 0.42 (0.15–0.97)/hr, 1.68 (0.87–4.52) hr, 5.85 (2.10–19.34) L/kg, and 28.7 (19.6–39.5) ml min−1 kg−1, respectively. Significant differences were seen for area under the curve ( ) (p < .0002) and maximum concentration (Cmax) (p < .04). This indicates that with increasing duration of infusion, XYL may not accumulate in a clinically relevant way and hence no adjustments are required in a longer XYL CRI to maintain a constant level of sedation and a rapid recovery. 相似文献
2.
Azin Rekowski Monika A. Wimmer Bernd Hitzmann Bernhard Hermannseder Heike Hahn Christian Zrb 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(2):260-270
Background: Nitrogen losses is an economic problem for wheat production and a high risk to the environment. Therefore, improved N fertilizer management is a key to increasing the N efficiency and minimizing N losses. To increase N efficiency, enhanced fertilizers such as urea combined with urease inhibitor can be used. Aims: The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different N forms on grain storage protein subunits in winter wheat and to examine whether the observed changes correlate with parameters of baking quality. Methods: The investigation was performed over two consecutive years at two locations in Germany. Protein subunits were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE. Results: Protein concentrations were similarly increased after fertilization with ammonium nitrate and urea + urease inhibitor. Analysis of the individual storage protein fractions indicated that both fertilizers specifically enhanced ω‐gliadins and HMW glutenins, but the effect was more pronounced in the ammonium nitrate treatment. Application of urea + urease inhibitor had greater influence on the protein composition and resulted in higher specific baking volume as well as the best fresh keeping ability, in comparison with urea treatment. Conclusion: Considering that the urea + urease inhibitor treatment resulted in almost comparable improvements of NUE and baking quality, with the additional benefit of reduced N losses in combination with easy handling, urea + urease inhibitor can be recommended as a viable alternative to both urea alone and ammonium nitrate treatments. This opens up an opportunity for the reduction of N loss in wheat production when use of urea is preferred. 相似文献
3.
Sabine Augustin Jan Evers Hans-Peter Dietrich Johannes Eichhorn Thomas Haussmann Regina Icke Ansgar Isenberg Wolfgang Lux Monica Musio Hans Pretzsch Winfried Riek Thomas Rötzer Bernd Schultze Andreas Schulze Jörg Schröder Walter Seidling Nicole Wellbrock Klaus von Wilpert Barbara Wolff 《European Journal of Forest Research》2005,124(4):251-260
In the 1970s unexpected forest damages, called “new type of forest damage” or “forest decline”, were observed in Germany and
other European countries. The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Federal States implemented a forest monitoring system
in the early 1980s, in order to monitor and assess the forest condition. Due to the growing public awareness of possible adverse
effects of air pollution on forests, in 1985 the ICP Forests was launched under the convention on long-range transboundary
air pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The German experience in forest monitoring
was a base for the implementation of the European monitoring system. In 2001 the interdisciplinary case study “concept and
feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests”, funded by the German Federal
Ministry of Education and Research, concentrated on in-depths evaluations of the German data of forest monitoring. The objectives
of the study were: (a) a reliable assessment of the vitality and functioning of forest ecosystems, (b) the identification
and quantification of factors influencing forest vitality, and (c) the clarification of cause-effect-relationships leading
to leaf/needle loss. For these purposes additional data from external sources were acquired: climate and deposition, for selected
level I plots tree growth data, as well as data on groundwater quality. The results show that in particular time series analysis
(crown condition, tree growth, and tree ring analysis), in combination with climate and deposition are valuable and informative,
as well as integrated evaluation of soil, tree nutrition and crown condition data. Methods to combine information from the
extensive and the intensive monitoring, and to transfer process information to the large scale should be elaborated in future.
相似文献
Sabine AugustinEmail: |
4.
Comparative evaluation of six different body regions of the dog using analog and digital radiography
Meyer-Lindenberg A Ebermaier C Wolvekamp P Tellhelm B Meutstege FJ Lang J Hartung K Fehr M Nolte I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(5-6):216-227
In this study the quality of digital and analog radiography in dogs was compared. For this purpose, three conventional radiographs (varying in exposure) and three digital radiographs (varying in MUSI-contrast [MUSI = MUlti Scale Image Contrast], the main post-processing parameter) of six different body regions of the dog were evaluated (thorax, abdomen, skull, femur, hip joints, elbow). The quality of the radiographs was evaluated by eight veterinary specialists familiar with radiographic images using a questionnaire based on details of each body region significant in obtaining a radiographic diagnosis. In the first part of the study the overall quality of the radiographs was evaluated. Within one region, 89.5% (43/48) chose a digital radiograph as the best image. Divided into analog and digital groups, the digital image with the highest MUSI-contrast was most often considered the best, while the analog image considered the best varied between the one with the medium and the one with the longest exposure time. In the second part of the study, each image was rated for the visibility of specific, diagnostically important details. After summarisation of the scores for each criterion, divided into analog and digital imaging, the digital images were rated considerably superior to conventional images. The results of image comparison revealed that digital radiographs showed better image detail than radiographs taken with the analog technique in all six areas of the body. 相似文献
5.
6.
通过小尺度生态监测与遥感数据分析获取塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林现状信息,集中对阿拉干断面设立的100hm2长期监测样方内的胡杨树进行了详细的调查,对该断面胡杨林空间分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:塔里木河下游的胡杨具有伴河生长的特性;随着离河距离的增加,胡杨株数呈递减趋势;大部分胡杨主要分布在离河道200m范... 相似文献
7.
Karsten Schacht Yona Chen Jorge Tarchitzky Lubomir Lichner Bernd Marschner 《Irrigation Science》2014,32(5):369-378
Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) is gaining importance due to declining water availability in dry regions. TWW irrigation has various potential adverse effects on soil quality such as hydrophobic effects on soil surfaces, reducing initial sorptivity and promoting the formation of preferential flow paths. In May and June 2010, in situ infiltration measurements using mini disk tension infiltrometer were deployed in five different orchard plots in Israel to assess the impact of different irrigation water qualities on the soil water repellency index R. In most plantations, long-term test sites were accessed to compare adjacent plots irrigated with fresh water (FW) or TWW. Topsoil samples were analyzed for selected physical and chemical characteristics. The mean R values increased at all TWW sites, from +15 up to +55 % compared with FW sites. The water drop penetration time (WDPT) increased up to 30 fold at three of five TWW sites compared with FW sites. Subsequent U tests and multilevel analysis indicated an impact of the type of irrigation water on R and WDPT. Moreover, soil electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage were consistently higher at all TWW sites. These results show that irrigation water quality clearly influences physical and chemical properties of the soil. 相似文献
8.
Jos P. M. Vink Peter Nrtersheuser Otto Richter Bernd Diekkrüger Klaas P. Groen 《Pest management science》1994,40(4):285-292
Results of field measurements and laboratory experiments were used to simulate the behaviour of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) in a loamy sand soil. Microbial activity was described using pre-set conditions to compute transformation rates as dependent on compound concentrations and temperature. These kinetics could only be analysed using non-linear transformation rates. To link the development of microbial populations and the consumption of the compound over time, an iterative technique was used to estimate the necessary parameters. 相似文献
9.
Erich Seemüller Eckard Moll Bernd Schneider 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(2):217-223
Progenies of 39 open-pollinated genotypes belonging to 26 Pyrus taxa were examined for pear decline resistance and pomological traits when used as rootstocks. Following graft inoculation
and observation over 18 years, considerable differences in pear decline resistance between and within the progenies were observed.
Not affected or little affected and moderately to severely affected trees were observed in all progenies. However, great quantitative
differences among them were observed. In the progenies of about one third of the pollinated trees most of the individuals
showed a high level of resistance to grafted trees. Significantly different from this group was another third of the progenies
that mostly showed high susceptibility in grafted trees. Between these two groups there were progenies that statistically
neither differed from the resistant nor from the susceptible group. These progenies were defined as moderately resistant.
Significant differences in resistance were also observed between progenies of genotypes of the same species that originated
from different locations. These data indicate segregation of the resistance trait and show that seedling progenies are unsuitable
as rootstocks in commercial pear growing. Instead, careful selection of suitable genotypes for propagation is required. Great
differences between and within the progenies examined were also observed in vigour and yield efficiency. 相似文献
10.