2015―2020年国家西北内陆棉区棉花品种区域试验参试品种（系）枯黄萎病抗性评述

对2015－2020年参加西北内陆棉区区域试验的192个棉花品种（系）枯萎病、黄萎病的抗性分析，为棉花抗病育种及品种推广提供依据。结果表明，参试棉花品种（系）未出现对枯萎病和黄萎病免疫的品种；参试棉花品种（系）对枯萎病的抗性水平较高，除2018年高抗和抗病品种（系）占比为 88.2%外，其他年份均在92%以上；参试的品种（系）的黄萎病抗性水平除2017年较高外，其余各年均较低，以耐病为主，6年耐病品种（系）平均占比为56.2%；参试品种的总体抗枯萎病指数（r_F）远大于总体抗黄萎病指数（r_V）和总体兼抗指数（r_FV）,各年份均表现为r_F＞r_V＞r_FV，且三者均呈振荡上升趋势；早中熟常规棉的抗枯萎病、黄萎病性及兼抗性表现均优于早熟常规棉_。可见，黄萎病抗性的提高是西北内陆棉区选育兼抗棉花品种的关键。     

基于应用型人才培养教学中思政教育的融入策略实施

思政教育是高职院校教学的重点内容,对学生的思想、行为会产生直接影响,同时与工匠精神存在紧密关系,需要对其予以融合。为了提升高职机械类专业教学的质量,引入思政教育极为重要,其在推动学生全面发展方面也发挥出了重要作用。基于此,主要以机械基础类专业教学为例,分析了高职机械类专业课程与思政教育的联系为切入点。同时,通过调整教学思路与路径,结合机械发展史展开思政教育,引入大国重器实际研发案例,落实全面评价这些思政教育的融入策略。     

Temperature dependences of the dynamic viscoelastic properties of wood and acetylated wood swollen by water or organic liquids

In this study, to summarize the changes of thermal-softening behaviors of wood and acetylated wood due to differences in the kinds of swelling liquids, the following measurements were conducted. Untreated and acetylated wood samples were swollen by various liquids and the temperature dependences of the dynamic viscoelastic properties were measured after the heating and cooling histories were unified among the samples. The results obtained are as follows. Untreated samples swollen by high-polarity liquid had lower peak temperature of tanδ, however acetylated samples had higher peak temperature of tanδ than those of untreated wood. On the other hand, untreated wood samples swollen by low-polarity liquid had higher peak temperature of tanδ, however acetylated samples had lower peak temperature of tanδ than those of untreated wood. The amount of swelling is determined by interaction between wood and liquid due to proton-accepting power and molar volumes of liquid and so on, therefore the peak temperature of tanδ and degree of reduction in dynamic elastic modulus (E´) with increasing temperature were corresponded to the amount of swelling.     

模拟氮沉降对季风常绿阔叶林凋落物碳氮组分的影响

【目的】探究季风常绿阔叶林凋落物对氮沉降增加的响应规律。【方法】设置4个氮添加水平:对照、低氮、中氮和高氮,其年添加氮量分别为0、35、70和105 kg·hm~(–2),分干、湿季收集凋落物样品,并进行碳、氮组分含量分析。【结果】随氮添加量的上升,凋落物总有机碳(TOC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量显著增加,且WSOC/TOC质量比具有上升趋势。氮添加未显著改变酸不溶组分碳(AIFC)含量以及AIFC/TOC质量比,但与对照比较均具有下降趋势。不同的氮添加处理均未显著改变凋落物总氮(TN)、水溶性氮(WSN)和酸不溶组分氮(AIFN)含量,以及WSN和AIFN占TN的比例。短期氮添加对凋落物C/N质量比和AIFC/AIFN质量比无显著影响,但显著增加干季的WSOC/WSN质量比。【结论】氮沉降促进了季风常绿阔叶林凋落物中可溶性有机碳的积累,这可能有利于可溶性有机物转入土壤中,从而影响生态系统中的养分循环。     

陕北黄土区退耕还林(草)地土壤质量特征及其对降水的响应

为了解陕北黄土区退耕还林（草）地土壤质量差异特征及其对降水的响应，该文沿370～470 mm的降水梯度，选取了陕西省吴起县境内的王洼子（370～395 mm）、大吉沟（440～445 mm）和白豹（460～470 mm）3个降水梯度区作为研究区，并结合土壤质量指数法，定量评价降水梯度区广泛栽植的刺槐林（Robinia pseudoacacia）、沙棘林（Hippophae rhamnoides）和草地的土壤物理结构、持水性、盐碱度、碳汇指标以及速效养分指标方面的综合得分，明确植被恢复后土壤质量随降水梯度的变化特征。结果表明：1）降水量、植被类型以及二者的交互作用对土壤指标影响显著（P<0.05）。2）在460～470 mm降水量区，刺槐林（0.829）对土壤质量改良效果最好，其次为沙棘林（0.808），二者土壤质量均达到肥沃水平，且差异不显著，草地（0.679）土壤质量指数最低，土壤为较肥沃水平；在440～445 mm降水量区，沙棘林（0.74）对土壤改良效果最好，其次为刺槐林（0.601），二者均达到较肥沃水平，草地（0.479）土壤质量指数最低为中等水平；在370～395 mm降水量区，3种植被类型土壤质量指数由大到小表现为沙棘林（0.744）>刺槐林（0.387）>草地（0.251），沙棘林土壤质量等级为较肥沃、刺槐林和草地为贫瘠水平。3）在370～470 mm降水梯度内，3种植被类型土壤质量综合指数均随着降水量的减少而降低，其中沙棘林土壤质量指数变异性较低（4.1%），刺槐林（30.1%）和草地（37.2%）土壤质量变异性较高。该研究结果可为陕北黄土区370～470 mm降水梯度下的植被恢复与重建等林业生态工程实施提供数据支撑与理论支持。     

配电主站边界数据可靠性测试分析

配电主站边界承担着承上启下的作用,是主站不同区域之间、主站与外部不同系统之间进行数据交互的分界点。所以如何保证边界数据的可靠性是配电主站安全运行的基础。1配电自动化系统主站国内现阶段配电自动化系统主站分为Ⅰ区配电网运行监控和Ⅲ区配电网运行状态管控两个大区,Ⅰ区配电网运行监控主要实现配电网的数据采集、操作与控制、拓扑分析、馈线自动化等功能。Ⅲ区配电网运行状态管控主要实现配电网趋势分析、配电终端管理、信息共享与发布等功能。Ⅰ区与Ⅲ区通过电力专用横向单向安全隔离装置隔离,共同组成配电自动化系统主站。配电自动化主站示意图如图1所示。     

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid decreased lipid accumulation via inducing adipocytes apoptosis of grass carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharygodon idella</Emphasis>

The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of by which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibit the accumulation of adipose tissue lipid in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). We therefore designed two semi-purified diets, namely DHA-free (control) and DHA-supplemented, and fed them to grass carp (22.19 ± 1.76 g) for 3 and 6 weeks. DHA supplementation led to a significantly lower intraperitoneal fat index (IPFI) than that in the control group by reducing the number of adipocytes but significantly higher adipocyte size (P < 0.05). In the intraperitoneal adipose tissue, the DHA-fed group showed significantly higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)1c mRNA expression levels at both 3 and 6 weeks (P < 0.05). However, the ratio of the expression levels of B cell leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) was significantly lower in the DHA-fed group than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the protein expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 were also significantly higher (P < 0.05). Overall, although DHA promotes lipid synthesis, it is more likely that DHA could suppress the lipid accumulation in adipocytes of grass carp by inducing adipocyte apoptosis.     

Genetic mapping using 1.4M SNP array refined loci for fatty acid composition traits in Chinese Erhualian and Bamaxiang pigs

Chinese indigenous pigs display marked genetic and phenotypic differences compared with western commercial pigs. In this study, we tested the association between 660K SNPs and longissimus muscle fatty acid composition traits in Chinese Erhualian (n = 331) and Bamaxiang (n = 315) pigs based on a customized 1.4 million SNP array. We identified a total of 64 significant associations for 20 fatty acid composition traits at the p‐value threshold of 1 × 10^?6 among which 42 associations in low linkage disequilibrium (r² < .2) with previously reported loci were considered novel. We substantially improved the strength and precision of the associations at four previously detected loci near FADS2, ELOVL7, ELOVL6 and FASN genes, facilitating follow‐up candidate gene studies. Moreover, we also identified loci near ABCD2, ACSBG1, ELOVL5, HPGDS, DAGT2, ACAD10 and ACSL1 genes with function relevant to metabolism of fatty acids. In this study, valuable genetic variants and candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition traits were identified in Erhualian and Bamaxiang pigs. Some identified loci could be used to improve pork nutrition in pig breeding practice. Using the SNP array with higher marker density and less ascertainment bias improved QTL detection power and precision in Chinese indigenous pigs.