Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Hippomarathrum microcarpum (Bieb.) from Turkey

Hippomarathrum microcarpum grows wild in eastern Anatolia, Turkey, and is a plant utilized as food by people. In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from H. microcarpum and its essential oil composition were investigated. The essential oil, which has bornyl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, and beta-caryophyllene as its main components, exhibited activity against eight bacteria, nine fungi, and a yeast, Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 62.50 to 125 muL/mL; the methanol extract showed weak activity. The antioxidant activity of these extracts was assessed by the beta-carotene bleaching test and the 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test. The inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was very weak for both extracts tested. The inhibition percentages were found to be 22.9 and 33.5% for methanol and essential oil, respectively, at the concentration of 2 g/L. The oil scavenged DPPH at higher concentrations (IC50 = 10.69 +/- 0.05 mg/mL), but the methanol extract exhibited no activity. The total phenolic content of the methanol extract was found to be 4.7 +/- 0.1%.     

Effect of Pregnancy and Foetal Number on Diameter of Corpus Luteum,Maternal Progesterone Concentration and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Ewes

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in diameter of corpus luteum (CL), maternal progesterone (P) concentration, lipid peroxidation and non‐enzymatic antioxidant levels along with enzymatic antioxidant activities in pregnant ewes bearing single and twin foetuses. The ewes were selected from healthy animals that were brought to the abattoir for slaughtering. The ewes were divided into three groups: Group 1 (non‐pregnant, non‐oestrous, n = 30), Group 2 (pregnant bearing a single foetus, n = 30) and Group 3 (pregnant bearing twin foetuses, n = 12) after they were slaughtered. Pregnant ewes were in the first half of the pregnancy. The diameter of CL and P concentration of pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus or twin foetuses were found higher than that found in non‐pregnant ewes. Similarly, the P concentration of pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses was higher than that found in pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses was higher than that found in both non‐pregnant and pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus. The serum glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity of pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses were found lower than that found in non‐pregnant ewes. Additionally, the GSH‐Px activity of pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses was found lower than that found in pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus. No significant difference was found between pregnant ewes bearing female and male foetus with respect to diameter of CL, P concentration and oxidative stress parameters. There were significant positive correlations between foetal number (0, 1, 2) and diameter of CL, P concentration, MDA level, and between P concentration and diameter of CL, MDA level. However, significant negative correlations were found between foetal number (0, 1, 2) and GSH level, GSH‐Px activity, and between P concentration and GSH‐Px activity. In conclusion, the diameter of CL enlarges, P production increases and oxidant/antioxidant balance impairs because of the gestation stress in ewes during pregnancy.     

转cry1C和cry2A基因Bt水稻对白背飞虱生长、发育及繁殖的继代影响

转Bt基因水稻对非靶标节肢动物的影响是转基因水稻安全性评价的重要组成部分。目前,已开展了大量关于转Bt基因水稻对非靶标害虫安全性评价的研究,但多限于1代,不能完全反映田间情况。试验以转Bt基因水稻T1C 19(含cry1C基因)和T2A 1(含cry2A基因)以及其亲本非Bt水稻MH63为材料,在室内条件下连续饲养白背飞虱4代,研究转Bt水稻对非靶标害虫白背飞虱生长发育和繁殖的继代效应,以明确T1C 19和T2A 1水稻对白背飞虱的潜在影响。结果表明,白背飞虱在3种水稻品种上连续取食4代以后,其生长发育(若虫发育历期、若虫存活率、雌成虫体重)和繁殖(产卵量和卵孵化率)指标均没有受到水稻品种的显著影响。可见,供试的T1C 19和T2A 1对白背飞虱无显著影响。     

不同药剂防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉田间药效试验

为了筛选出能替代联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉的高效药剂(单剂或复配剂),笔者于2020年5月选用了20%呋虫胺悬浮剂、1.6%狼毒素水乳剂、6%联菊·啶虫脒微乳剂、0.5%苦参碱水剂等进行茶假眼小绿叶蝉田间药效试验。结果表明:喷施20%呋虫胺悬浮剂600 mL/hm~2、1.6%狼毒素水乳剂1 500 mL/hm~2、6%联菊·啶虫脒微乳剂600 mL/hm~2、0.5%苦参碱水剂1 500 mL/hm~2防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉,药后3 d防效分别为51.65%、46.28%、45.71%、22.90%,药后7 d防效分别为58.81%、39.07%、32.81%、29.24%,药后14 d防效分别为50.28%、50.61%、48.38%、28.55%。其中,以20%呋虫胺悬浮剂600 mL/hm~2、1.6%狼毒素水乳剂1500 m L/hm~2对茶假眼小绿叶蝉防治效果较好,对茶叶生长安全,可推广使用。在防治茶假眼小绿叶蝉时,可选用20%呋虫胺悬浮剂600 m L/hm~2、1.6%狼毒素水乳剂1 500 m L/hm~2、6%联菊·啶虫脒微乳剂600 mL/hm~2,应注意药剂轮换使用。     

EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA STRAIN ON FREEZING INJURY AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY OF WHEAT AND BARLEY

In 2009 a greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of boron (B) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on wheat (Triticum aestivum spp. vulgare cv ‘Bezostiya’) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv ‘Tokak’) on plant growth, freezing injury, and antioxidant enzyme capacity. Results showed that boron (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 kg B ha^?1) and PGPR application (Bacillus megaterium M3, Bacillus subtilis OSU142, Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and Raoultella terrigena) at which 50% of leaves were injured (LT₅₀) values and ice nucleation activities in both plants were found statistically significant. Boron application with all PGPR strains decreased LT₅₀ values in wheat and barley plants under noncold stress (NCS) and cold stress conditions (CS). There were statistically significant differences between bacterial inoculation and B fertilizer in terms of root and shoot dry weight under NCS and CS conditions. Reactive oxidative oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT) were negatively affected CS conditions and decreased with reduced temperatures of media, but B and PGPR applications alleviated the low-temperature deleterious effects in both plants species tested. The lowest ROS and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT) of wheat and barley were observed with 6 kg B ha^?1 with R. terrigena.     

一系法杂交水稻研究的技术策略探讨

通过一系法利用和固定水稻的远缘杂种优势是一项具有极大诱惑力但难度颇大的科研难题。我国水稻无融合生殖研究尚处在探索性阶段,还没有筛选到具有实用价值的无融合生殖种质。由于多倍体水稻的有性生殖能力明显变弱,在多倍性水平筛选和创造水稻无融合生殖种质有可能成为一系法杂交稻研究的突破口。     

论软件开发方法对开发质量及效率的影响

随着计算机应用领域及规模的扩大，计算机软件在社会生活中地位的提高，软件开发质量和效率已成为倍受关注的问题，本文主要论述软件开发方法演变对软件开发质量及效率的影响。     

被子植物二倍体孢子生殖在杂种优势固定中的实用价值探讨

根据大孢子母细胞的发育特性,将被子植物的二倍体孢子生殖分为８种类型,不同类型的胚胎学机制各不相同,从固定生物杂种优势的角度来看,只有薄公英型、苦荚菜型、委陵苹型和蝶须型这４种二倍体孢子生殖类型能保持亲子代之间的遗传稳定性,因而具有实用价值。     

Effect of vitamin E on ruminal fermentation in vitro

The effects of vitamin E on pH value, total protozoa counts, volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia nitrogen and lactate levels were examined using an in vitro ruminal incubation system. The ruminal fluid (100 ml) of the first and second group was supplemented with 0.4 mg or 0.8 mg of vitamin E, respectively. Samples were taken immediately before and following 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation at 39 degrees C and analysed for the total protozoa counts, the pH and the levels of ammonia nitrogen, lactate and VFA. Levels of propionate at 24 h and ammonia nitrogen at 12 and 24 h were significantly higher in the second group than in the control. In contrast, the levels of butyrate at 6, 12 and 24 h and lactate at 6, 12 and 24 h were lower in the second group than in the control. Propionate at 24 h, acetate levels at 6, 12 and 24 hand ammonia nitrogen levels at 6, 12 and 24 h and total rumen protozoa counts at 6, 12 and 24 h were significantly higher in the second group as compared with control. In contrary, butyrate levels at 6, 12 and 24 h, lactate levels at 6, 12 and 24 h were lower in second group than in control. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in the pH values. In conclusion, the addition of vitamin E to in vitro ruminal fluid was found to increase the concentrations of acetate and propionate, total counts of protozoa, levels of ammonia nitrogen, but to decrease the butyrate and lactate levels of the ruminal aliquots in in vitro ruminal fermentation.     

光温敏核不育水稻育性转换机理研究进展

介绍了光温敏核不育水稻育性转换机理研究在生态学、细胞学、遗传学及生理生化方面取得的主要成就 ,重点概述了光温敏核不育水稻育性转换过程中氨基酸、酶活性 ,内源激素及蛋白质的变化 ,对光温敏核不育水稻育性转换机理的研究中存在的问题进行了分析 ,并提出了自己的观点