用水稻基因芯片筛选小麦耐旱相关基因

为了解小麦在干旱逆境条件下的基因转录规律,采用PEG6000对耐旱小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种旱选10号进行拟旱处理,分别提取0、1、6和24h植株的总RNA,经反转录荧光标记制备cDNA探针,并将其与含有6万Oligo的水稻全基因组芯片进行杂交,扫描采集数据后并进行结果分析。在1、6和24h样品中分别检测到差异表达基因166、207和328个,随着处理时间的延长,差异表达基因数目增加。对差异基因进行功能分类,能量代谢途径相关基因在1、6和24h差异表达基因总数中所占比例分别为4.2%、8.2%和16.8%,其中大部分为光合作用相关基因,并且主要表现为上调,但Psbr和Rubisco编码基因的转录水平为下调,暗示它们在耐旱反应中发挥着一定作用。     

准格尔盆地不同程度人类干扰下土壤盐分及离子组成特征

以新疆受不同程度干扰土壤的盐分及离子含量为研究对象,采用统计分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和空间分析的方法,探究人类干扰对土壤盐分和离子的含量及相关性的影响。结果表明:研究区土壤随着人为干扰的增强,土壤盐渍化程度加深;无论何种人为干扰程度下,土壤中Cl-和Na+均为含量最高的阴、阳离子,其含量均随着人为干扰的加剧逐渐增大,其中Cl-含量变化最显著,其在中、重度人为干扰区比无人干扰区分别增加了67%和234%,Na+分别增加34%和86%;土壤盐分含量与Cl-含量的相关性呈极显著正相关,相关系数随着人为干扰程度的加深分别增大51%和77%;离子间的相关系数最大的为重度人为干扰区的Cl-和Na+,达到0.98;土壤盐分与Cl-、Na+、SO42-的空间分布对应度随着人为干扰的增强而增大,其中与Cl-对应度最高,在无、中、重度分别达到53%、66%、89%,Cl-与Na+在重度人为干扰区对应度达到96%。综上,人类对土地的利用方式不同,从而使土壤所受干扰方式(灌溉、翻耕)与频率有差异,导致土壤受到的干扰程度不同,盐分和离子变化情况各异,因此对新疆干旱地区的土壤盐渍化修复时应进行有针对性地精确改良。     

骨干玉米自交系抗病性改良研究

以大斑病鉴别寄主近等基因系、骨干自交系及二者杂交F1、F2代为材料,利用前期构建的分子标记技术体系,筛选与大斑病抗病基因紧密连锁的SSR分子标记,同时进行分子标记辅助选择改良玉米自交系的抗病性。结果表明：在大斑病抗病基因位点附近可以找到有效的SSR分子标记,利用这些标记可以对杂交、回交后代进行辅助选择。实验还发现,分子标记的有效性与材料本身的基因型有关,在利用分子标记辅助选择时应注意不同的材料,选择相应的有效分子标记。     

Rice Germin-Like Proteins: Allelic Diversity and Relationships to Early Stress Responses

Germin-like protein (GLP) markers were associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to the rice blast pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae in multiple rice (Oryza sativa) mapping populations. Twelve paralogous OsGLP gene family members are located within the physical QTL region on chromosome 8, and gene silencing studies suggest that they contribute collectively to the resistance phenotype. We compared sequence and expression profiles of OsGLP alleles in two resistant and two susceptible parental rice lines to find functional polymorphisms that correlated with the resistant phenotype. Based on coding and promoter sequences, the genes belong to two germin subfamily groups (GER3 and GER4). OsGLP members from both subfamilies were constitutively expressed and developmentally regulated in all cultivars. Transient induction above constitutive levels was observed for some OsGLPs, especially GER4 subfamily members, at early time points after M. oryzae infection and mechanical wounding. Varying 5′ regulatory regions and differential expression of some family members between resistant and susceptible cultivars corresponded with differential hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation after the same stimuli. OsGLP of both GER subfamilies localized to the plant cell wall. The protein location and early gene induction suggest that OsGLPs protect rice leaves at early stages of infection before fungal penetration and subsequent ingress. Our data suggest that regulation of OsGLP genes defines resistant versus susceptible phenotypes.     

台风“利奇马”暴雨引发的土壤侵蚀调查研究——以山东省临朐县为例

[目的]实地调查极端降雨事件下的土壤侵蚀特征,探寻水土流失治理中存在的问题,为人类应对极端天气灾害提供科学依据。[方法]以受2019年8月9号台风"利奇马"暴雨影响较大的山东省临朐县为调查区域,采用资料分析与野外调查相结合的方法,分析曾家沟、耿家沟典型小流域的坡面侵蚀、道路侵蚀及弥河上游各级河道的冲淤情况。[结果]"利奇马"台风过境期间,暴雨中心的雨量站降雨量达到50 a一遇标准;林草地、撂荒地基本无细沟侵蚀发生,坡耕地细沟侵蚀模数为4 560～19 500 t/km~2,梯田田面上细沟集中于承接上方汇水的位置;受植被保护或石坎梯田的田坎完好,而其他类型田坎滑塌严重。调查样地滑塌侵蚀模数301～36 321 t/km~2,田坎滑塌最为严重;河岸尤其是弯顶处冲刷严重,河道回流区、两河交汇处、拦河坝以及桥梁上游等淤积量较大。[结论]小流域的水土保持措施可减少暴雨造成的土壤侵蚀量。建议针对不同部位和利用类型的土地设计修建适宜的蓄排水和保土措施,并加强对农民的水土保持型农艺培训,提升极端暴雨下的水土流失防灾减灾能力。     

齐墩果酸抑菌活性的初步研究

以20 种植物病原菌为供试菌种,采用离体抑菌活性测定法系统地测定了齐墩果酸的抑 菌谱和抑菌毒力。结果表明,齐墩果酸对多种植物病原菌具有抑制作用,对油菜菌核病菌、番茄 早疫病菌、烟草赤星病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、杨树溃疡病菌、棉花黄萎病菌和小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生 长的抑制效果高于对其它供试病原菌,其中对番茄早疫病菌和白菜黑斑病菌防效最高,其有效 中浓(EC50 值)分别为59.3 和74.0mg L-1。本研究结果为将齐墩果酸开发为植物原杀菌剂提供了 一定的理论依据。     

Comparative study on measurement of elastic constants of wood-based panels using modal testing: choice of boundary conditions and calculation methods

Modal testing based on the theory of transverse vibration of orthotropic plate has shown great potentials in measuring elastic constants of panel products. Boundary condition (BC) and corresponding calculation method are key in affecting its practical application in terms of setup implementation, frequency identification, accuracy and calculation efforts. To evaluate different BCs for non-destructive testing of wood-based panels, three BCs with corresponding calculation methods were investigated for measuring their elastic constants, namely in-plane elastic moduli (E _x , E _y ) and shear modulus (G _xy ). As a demonstration of the concept, the products used in this study were oriented strand board (OSB) and medium density fiberboard (MDF). The BCs and corresponding calculated methods investigated were, (a) all sides free (FFFF) with one-term Rayleigh frequency equation and finite element modeling, (b) one side simply supported and the other three free (SFFF) with one-term Rayleigh frequency equation, (c) a pair of opposite sides along minor strength direction simply supported and the other pair along major strength direction free (SFSF) with improved three-term Rayleigh frequency equation. Differences between modal and static results for different BCs were analyzed for each case. Results showed that all three modal testing approaches could be applied for evaluation of the elastic constants of wood-based panels with different accuracy levels compared with standard static test methods. Modal testing on full-size panels is recommended for developing design properties of structural panels as it can provide global properties.     

1株产洛伐他汀红曲菌的筛选和鉴定

为筛选产洛伐他汀菌株,从不同来源的12个红曲米样品中,分离得到56株菌。通过薄层层析法初筛,HPLC复筛,得到5株产洛伐他汀菌株。对其中1株洛伐他汀产量最高的菌株MPT13(0.263 mg/mL)进行个体形态、菌落特征和分子生物学方法鉴定,并与GenBank中已有的有关序列进行比较及系统发育分析,结果鉴定菌株MPT13为紫色红曲霉(Monascus purpure)。     

Response of Spring Phenology of Main Gymnosperm to Climate Change in Harbin City Proper

Global climate change has caused phenology change of vegetation.This is especially obvious in urban area.This paper reveals response mechanism of spring phenology of main gymnosperm in Harbin City proper to climate change based on relationship study between two typical phenophases(beginning of bud burst and beginning of leaf expansion) of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis),Koyama spruce(Picea koraiensis Nakai),needle fir(Abies nephrolepis) and Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica Litv.and the temperature of every ten ...     

Clustering of Major Genes Conferring Blast Resistance in a Durable Resistance Rice Cultivar Gumei 2

By using 304 recombinant inbred lines derived from indica rice cross Zhong 156/Gumei 2, a linkage map consisting of 177 marker loci and covering 12 rice chromosomes was constructed and employed for mapping genes conferring blast resistance in rice. Genomic location of gene Pi25(t) conferring neck blast resistance to the Chinese isolate 92-183 (race ZC15) was verified to be located between markers A7 and RG456 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 1.7 cM and 1.5 cM to A7 and RG456, respectively. Leaf blast resistance of Gumei 2 to the Philippine isolate Ca89 (lineage 4) was found to be controlled by a single gene. The gene tentatively designated as Pi26(\) was located between makers B10 and R674 on chromosome 6, with genetic distances of 5.7 cM and 25.8 cM to B10 and R674 respectively. Resistant alleles at both gene loci were derived from Gumei 2, indicating an existence of resistance gene cluster in Gumei 2.