棉属野生棉与栽培棉种间杂交新种质创造研究

棉属(Gpssypium)野生资源具有的抗病、虫,抗旱及优质纤维等遗传特性,通过种间杂交可转育到栽培棉,以丰富和改善现有栽培棉品种的遗传特性或创造新的优异种质材料供育种利用。本文报道用23个棉属的野生种与4个栽培种的品种杂交,获得不同世代的47个组合杂种,并从一部分杂种后代培育出一批抗病、虫,抗旱和纤维高强优质等遗传特性的新种质。同时研究了有关种间杂交的不亲和性、杂种F_1的遗传性状以及细胞遗传学、胚胎学等问题。     

小麦灌浆后期青枯骤死原因分析及控制

小麦灌浆后期植株衰老与活性氧自由基毒害和膜脂质过氧化密切相关。灌浆后期株体内活必砼谢平衡失调是青枯发生的主要内因：造成青枯的外因除与“Ｖ”型变温有关外，雨后骤晴的强光与高温协同作用亦是青枯发生的重要外因一。灌浆后期“Ｖ”型变温使麦株各器均受到伤害，尤其穗下茎受到伤害。青枯能否发生取决于植体内酶活力的高低、非酶清除剂含量的多少以及“Ｖ”型变温的强度和持续时间。选择优良品种、适时播种、合理施肥和加强     

世纪之交我国棉花品种改良的科技发展

近年来我国棉花生产急剧滑坡，起因是自然灾害，但缺乏突破性品种，或者说品种的遗传基础过于狭窄是内在的根本原因。我国棉花生产用种以自育品种为主的世代不会逆转。今后我国棉花品种改良的科技要点是：加强原始材料的收集和育种新亲本的创造；促进高新技术与常规育种的结合；常规育种技术亟待创新，重点是加强理论指导，方案要贴近生产实际；恢复诸如诱变及其与复合杂交相结合等方法研究；优质纤维将是遗传改良的重点性状。此外，品种立法也势在必行。     

生态果园模式中"猪-沼-炕"单元研究与设计

根据中部地区生态果园运行需要,本文提出并设计了生态果园系统中的"猪-沼-炕"单元,详细介绍了该单元的工作原理、设计方法及运行效果,解决了以沼气为纽带的生态果园模式冬季运行效率低等问题.同时,对孟州示范基地的运行测试结果表明该单元模式在提高猪舍温度、促进猪的生长、增加沼气产率等方面均较普通的太阳能猪舍有较大幅度提高,成为适合中部地区应用的生态果园模式中较有特色的接口技术.     

CMOS集成块在水电站控制电路中的应用

在水电站控制电路中,为完成全站逻辑选控开停机,逻辑选控同期合油开关、跳油开关的功能,用CMOS集成电路替代分立元件,从而提高了水电站的自动化程度,缩小了集控台体积,也有利于安装、调试和维修。     

陈垓引黄灌区渠系优化配水研究

该文以系统工程的原理方法,结合山东省陈垓引黄灌区北二干渠系统实际情况,分别以灌溉净效益最大和轮灌时间最短为目标,建立了作物最优种植面积和渠系优化配水模型,应用计算机求解,取得了满意的作物优化布局和优化配水成果。实践证明,本项成果在节水、灌溉增产、提高灌区科学管理水平等方面都有着十分重要的作用。     

Effects of High Fluoride and Low Iodine on Thyroid Function in Offspring Rats

Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups of eight with six females and two males in each group. The rats were exposed to high fluoride drinking water (45 mg F- L-1 from 100 mg NaF L-1), low dietary iodine (0.0855 mg kg-1), or both together in order to assess the effects of these three regimens on the thyroid function of the offspring rats. After the animal model was established, the offspring rats were bred and 10-, 20-, 30-, 60-, and 90-d-old rats were used for the experiment. The treatments for the offspring rats were the same as those of their parents. In comparison with control rats, the relative thyroid glands were changed by three regimens, but the mean values of thyroid weight in the experimental groups saw no marked difference. Serum TT3 levels were increased in all stages in the low iodine (LI) group. In the high fluoride (HiF) group, increase in TT3 levels was observed except in 20-d-old rats. Decrease in TT3 at 20- and 90-d and increase in TT3 at 30- and 60-d were found in HiF+LI group. Serum TT4 levels first saw an increase, and then dropped in the LI and HiF+LI group. However, an increase in TT4 was found in the HiF group. The levels of TSH in serum rocketed at d 20, and then dropped in the next stages in experimental groups. The results suggested that thyroid disorder could be induced by high flroride in drinking water, low iodine diet, or both of them. Exposure time to fluoride or low iodine diet was one of the important factors that fluoride can induce the development of thyroid dyfunction.     

Detection Precision of Seedmeter for Large-granule Seeds

A detecting method based on machine vision was put forward to test the performance of seedmeter with corn and soybean seeds as test samples, in which MATLAB software was applied to process image data and analyze the results. The experimental results showed that the mean value of absolute error of the sowing speed for soybean was 0.004-0.68 seed · s^?1; the mean value of relative error was from 6.5% to 130%, and there were no significant differences of mean value, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of flowing seeds between manual statistics and MATLAB statistics. The machine vision method was proved to be time-saving, labor-saving and no-touching in the seedmeter precision detecting.     

提高粮食综合生产能力的技术路径——以河南省为例(英文)

[目的]根据河南省情和生产实际,探讨提高粮食生产能力的技术路径。[方法]对河南省粮食产量的现状与动态进行整体分析。[结果]河南省粮食总产量的变化呈现上升态势。2010年粮食总产5437万t是1978年粮食总产2097.40万t的2.5倍。粮食总产的增长越来越依赖于单产的提高。[结论]该研究为河南省乃至全国粮食增产提供理论依据。     

检测H9亚型AIV的压电免疫传感器研究(英文)

[目的]研制检测H9亚型禽流感病毒的压电免疫传感器。[方法]用巯基丙酸在镀银电极石英晶体自组装巯基丙酸单分子膜再通过N-乙基-N'-(3-二甲氨基)丙基碳化二亚胺盐酸(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)偶联抗H9亚型禽流感病毒的特异性单抗构建传感器芯片,建立可以检测H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的免疫传感器。[结果]该方法具有较好的特异性,不与H5亚型流感病毒和新城疫病毒(NDV)反应,检测灵敏度达到20～100个EID50。[结论]该结果为检测禽流感病毒免疫传感器的进一步深入研究奠定了基础,这为其他相关病毒的监测提供了一种新途径。