绿肥、蚕沙有机肥配施化肥对免耕稻田土壤碳库平衡的影响

[目的]探索免耕稻田绿肥、蚕沙有机肥投入对土壤有机碳积累及CO2和CH4排放的影响,为保护性耕作稻田土壤碳固持及稻田减肥增效的农业有机资源可持续利用提供理论依据.[方法]在前期粉垄与常规耕作基础上,2018—2019年连续开展田间免耕试验,在同等养分投入条件下,设置绿肥、蚕沙有机肥与化肥配施模式,以常规施用化肥为对照,同步设不施肥空白对照,保护性耕作试验第2年,采用分离式静态箱—气象色谱法测定稻田温室气体CO2和CH4排放通量,同时在水稻返青期、分蘖期、齐穗期和收获期采集0~15 cm耕层土壤,测定土壤有机碳含量.[结果]在粉垄免耕模式下,蚕沙有机肥配施化肥处理耕层土壤有机碳含量在返青期和分蘖期较常规免耕模式提高56%和19%;水稻返青期、分蘖期、齐穗期和收获期粉垄免耕稻田绿肥配施化肥处理的土壤有机碳含量较单施化肥处理分别提高111%、30%、74%和31%,较不施肥处理分别提高90%、22%、58%和22%;蚕沙有机肥配施化肥处理较单施化肥处理分别提高148%、90%、48%和39%,较不施肥处理分别提高113%、78%、35%和29%.粉垄免耕模式下,与单施化肥处理相比,绿肥配施化肥处理的CO2累积排放量降低16.9%,蚕沙有机肥配施化肥处理降低15.1%;CH4排放通量出现2个峰值,常规免耕和粉垄免耕模式下,绿肥配施化肥处理的CH4排放通量峰值分别是单施化肥处理的7.69和7.61倍.绿肥和蚕沙有机肥配施化肥降低了稻田土壤CO2累积排放量,增加了CH4累积排放量.[结论]粉垄免耕稻田施用绿肥、蚕沙有机肥利于土壤有机碳积累,减少CO2温室气体排放,可作为一种稻田土壤固碳减排可持续生产应用技术.     

A dwarfing mutant caused by deactivation function of alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein in rice

Dwarf mutants in plants are crucial for elucidating regulatory mechanisms for plant growth and development. Previous studies suggested that the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit known as D1/RGA1 in rice was involved in deactivation function of the G protein. However, so far no partner has been analyzed the spatial structure change acting with D1. In this study, a dwarf mutant designated Mu101 was obtained in M₂ population of rice indica cultivar M804 treated with ⁶⁰Co γ-ray. Genetic analysis of Mu101 indicated that the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single dwarf gene, and the dwarf mutant was insensitive to gibberellin (GA), which was named dwarf 89 (d89). Using a large F₂ population derived from a cross between the d89 and a japonica rice variety, Taigeng16, the D89 gene was fine mapped into a 62.13 kb physical distance on chromosome 5, where eight open reading frames were predicted. Sequence analysis indicated that only one bp substitution (A-G) was found in LOC_Os05g26890 between M804 and the d89 mutant. The rice GA insensitive dwarf mutant DWARF1 gene was in this locus. The modeling analysis showed amino acid threonine to alanine mutation was likely to make the alpha helix short, and led to the G protein deactivation.     

基于GF-1影像面向对象分类方法的水稻种植信息提取研究

应用遥感技术提取水稻种植信息是农业遥感的重要内容。GF-1卫星WFV数据为农业信息提取提供了新的途径,面向对象的分类方法是遥感解译的重要方法。本研究以扬州市为研究区域,基于GF-1影像WFV数据,采用面向对象的分类方法,提取水稻种植信息,并实地调查验证试验结果,试图探讨GF-1数据面向对象分类方法在水稻种植信息提取中的可行性与影响提取精度的因素。结果表明,应用GF-1数据,采用面向对象的分类方法能够很好地完成扬州市水稻种植信息的提取,2016年扬州市有水稻种植面积214 524 hm~2,总体精度达到98.5%,Kappa系数0.95,面积精度达97.5%;实地考察能够提高提取精度,地形破碎程度越低,提取精度越高。     

Determination of reference intervals for metabolic profile of Hanwoo cows at early,middle and late gestation periods

Background

Metabolic profile was initially designed as a presymptomatic diagnostic aid based on statistical analyses of blood metabolites to provide an early warning of certain types of metabolic disorder. However, there is little metabolic profile data available about Korean Hanwoo cows. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference intervals of metabolic profile for Korean Hanwoo cows.

Methods

Healthy animals (2,205) were selected and divided into early (day 1 to 95), middle (day 96 to 190) and late (day 191 to 285) period according to their gestating period. Metabolic profile including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (UREA), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (T-Cho), long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine (Crea), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorous (iP) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed using a TBA-40FR automatic biochemical analyzer. The data of Korean Hanwoo cows were then compared to those of the Japanese Wagyu cows.

Results

Most of the data of the Korean Hanwoo cows were relatively higher than those of Japanese Wagyu cows, with the exception of Glu and GGT. This may indicate that the nutritional level of feed for the Korean Hanwoo cows was higher than that of the Japanese Wagyu cows because of the different feeding system. In particular, relatively higher levels of UREA and LCFA were observed in the Korean Hanwoo cows, and this may also contribute to the low reproduction efficiency.

Conclusions

These findings may provide some theoretical basis for understanding the reproductive and feeding situation of Korean Hanwoo cows.     

掺N、S综纤维素基水热炭的制备及其表征

为了得到一种具有较高比表面积且掺杂N、S元素的新型碳材料,且为这种碳材料的应用提供一定的数据支持,以杨木木粉制得的综纤维素为原料,以氨水和正硅酸乙酯反应制得的纳米SiO_2为模板剂,L-半胱氨酸作为N、S元素的来源,采用水热炭化法在一定温度下制得了水热炭材料,并在氮气气氛下对其进行烧结处理。通过SEM、能谱分析、XPS、TG-DTG等测试方法对其进行表征,结果表明,本实验制得最终产物含有N、S元素,其质量分数分别为17.07%和1.81%,比表面积为220 m~2/g,较参照样具有显著提高,并显示出良好的热稳定性。     

高氯代阻燃剂得克隆在环境中的分布与归趋

得克隆(Dechlorane Plus,DP)是一类氯代脂肪族化合物,作为添加型阻燃剂广泛应用于电线电缆的涂层、电器的塑料高聚物、塑料屋顶材料领域。由于DP具有广泛的使用性和生物积累性,因此,现已成为环境中广泛存在的污染物,可能会对人体产生潜在的危害。从DP的理化特性和毒理学特性、环境中的浓度水平、异构体特性等方面进行了分析,并提出了今后的一些研究方向。     

东乡野生稻渗入系苗期抗旱遗传及生理机制初步分析

以强抗旱性的巴西旱稻、东乡野生稻和弱抗旱性的栽培稻协青早B为对照品种,以基于萎蔫率的抗旱等级为鉴定指标,采用苗期反复自然干旱鉴定法和20%PEG6000模拟干旱法,对江西东乡普通野生稻(Oryza rufi-pogon)/协青早B//协青早B构建的回交重组自交系(Backcross inbred lines,BIL)群体(BC1F9)进行苗期抗旱机理及遗传分析。结果表明:230个BC1F9 BIL群体经2次反复自然干旱后,在1/2MS营养液恢复生长的平均抗旱等级分别为3.76和4.39,萎蔫率呈连续正态分布,暗示东乡野生稻苗期抗旱性表现为质量-数量性状遗传性状特征。将干旱处理一次后等级为1级的14个株系,在20%PEG6000模拟干旱条件下进行处理,结果与反复干旱二次后结果一致,株系1112、1168、1172和1315为强抗旱基因渗入系,可进一步用于抗旱基因的挖掘与利用。在20%PEG6000模拟干旱条件下,强抗旱性株系1112苗期叶片的可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量和SOD活性增加幅度都大于弱抗旱性株系1323,GSH含量下降幅度则低于弱抗旱株系,说明强抗旱株系渗透物质比弱抗旱株系积累快且幅度大,而细胞膜过氧化产物...     

SSR标记对野生大豆种群遗传结构的研究

使用40对SSR引物分析了8个省区天然野生大豆种群的遗传结构和遗传多样性.结果表明:15个种群共检测到633个等位基因,平均每对引物等位变异基因数平均值15.83个;种群平均Shannon指数(Ⅰ)0.7835,种群平均期望杂合度(He)0.4070,种群平均观察杂合度(Ho)0.0012,平均种群内遗传多样度(Hs)...     

章鱼下脚料酶解工艺优化的研究

利用Arazyme蛋白酶酶解章鱼下脚料,以酶解液中的多肽含量为指标,研究加酶量、酶解时间、料水比3个因素对酶解效果的影响,利用正交试验对酶解工艺进行优化,确定酶解的最佳条件。结果表明,在加酶量300 U/g,料水比1∶15,酶解时间3 h,酶解液中的多肽质量浓度达5.079 8 mg/mL。     

固相萃取-气相色谱方法测定水中毒死蜱含量的不确定度评定

本文建立了利用固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中毒死蜱含量的方法,通过数学模型分析并计算了检测过程中的不确定度分量,并计算出相对扩展不确定度。