拮抗细菌Bs-0728对板蓝根根腐病的防治作用

［目的］ 筛选对板蓝根根腐病有较强拮抗作用的生防菌株。［方法］ 采用平板对峙法对137个板蓝根根际土壤样本中分离到的201株拮抗细菌进行测试。［结果］ 筛选出1个对板蓝根根腐病菌有强烈抑制作用的菌株Bs-0728。结合显微镜观察确定Bs-0728菌株对板蓝根根腐病的主要致病菌茄腐镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,导致菌丝生长畸形,弯曲,部分细胞膨大。田间试验结果表明,Bs-0728的发酵液田间防效达72.97%,且增产86.26%。经形态观察、生理生化反应及16S rDNA 序列分析,初步将此拮抗细菌鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis。［结论］ 枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-0728菌株是一株很有应用前景的生防菌株。     

N2O emissions from different cropping systems and from aerated,nitrifying and denitrifying tanks of a municipal waste water treatment plant

Nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate, water-soluble carbon and biological O₂ demand (BOD₅) were quantified in different cropping systems fertilized with varying amounts of nitrogen (clayey loam, October 1991 to May 1992), in an aerated tank (March 1993 to March 1994), and in the nitrification-denitrification unit (March to July 1994) of a municipal waste water treatment plant. In addition, the N₂O present in the soil body at different depths was determined (February to July 1994). N₂O was emitted by all cropping systems (mean releases 0.13–0.35 mg N₂O m^-2 h^-1), and all the units of the domestic waste water treatment plant (aerated tank 0–6.2 mg N₂O m^-2 h^-1, nitrification tank 0–204,3 mg N₂O m^-2, h^-1, denitrifying unit 0–2.2 mg N₂O m^-2 h^-1). During the N₂O-sampling periods estimated amounts of 0.9, 1.5, 2.4 and 1.4 kg N₂O–N ha^-1, respectively, were released by the cropping systems. The aerated, nitrifying and denitrifying tanks of the municipal waste water treatment plant released mean amounts of 9.1, 71.6 and 1.8 g N₂O–N m^-2, respectively, during the sampling periods.The N₂O emission were significantly positively correlated with nitrate concentrations in the field plots which received no N fertilizer and with the nitrogen content of the aerated sludge tank that received almost exclusively N in the form of NH ₄ ⁺ . Available carbon, in contrast, was significantly negatively correlated with the N₂O emitted in the soil fertilized with 80 kg N ha^-1 year. The significant negative correlation between the emitted N₂O and the carbon to nitrate ratio indicates that the lower the carbon to nitrate ratio the higher the amount of N₂O released. Increasing N₂O emissions seem to occur at electron donorto-acceptor ratios (C_H2_O or BOD₅-to-nitrate ratios) below 50 in the cropping systems and below 1200–1400 in the waste water treatment plant. The trapped N₂O in the soil body down to a depth of 90 cm demonstrates that agricultural production systems seem to contain a considerable pool of N₂O which may be reduced to N₂ on its way to the atmosphere, which may be transported to other environments or which may be released at sometime in the future.Dedicated to Professor J.C.G. Ottow on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

北京市菜地土壤重金属现状分析与评价

近年来北京蔬菜种植业得到迅速发展,已成为农业经济的支柱产业之一。为了解北京地区菜地以重金属为主要指标的土壤环境质量现状,采集北京市主要蔬菜生产区表层土壤(0~20cm),测定镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)、汞(Hg)含量和基础理化性质。依照《土壤环境质量标准》和《土壤环境监测技术规范》采用单项和综合污染指数法进行评价,结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,大兴、昌平、密云、延庆、房山、顺义、通州区内Cd、Cr明显富集,顺义区、房山区Cd质量分数平均值接近于《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》限量值(0.40 mg/kg),但未超过《土壤环境质量标准》中二级限量值(0.60 mg/kg)。Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr单项污染指数平均值处于0.7~1.0,属于尚清洁(警戒限)水平,且土壤Cd质量分数变异系数极高,40%以上样点存在"轻度"和"中度"污染,设施菜地较裸露菜地相比存在较高Cd污染风险。综上,北京市菜地土壤重金属环境质量指标总体安全,处于非污染状态,但存在一定程度的Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn累积污染风险。     

Chronic mesenteric volvulus in a dog

A chronic, partial mesenteric volvulus was found on laparotomy of an adult Bernese mountain dog with a 4-month history of intermittent vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. The dog had elevated cholestatic and hepatocellular leakage enzymes, increased bile acids, azotemia, isosthenuria, and a hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis. The dog recovered fully following reduction of the volvulus.     

外源钙和硅对‘瑞阳’苹果钙含量和果实品质的影响

旨在探究生长期叶面喷施钙、硅和钙+硅对‘瑞阳’苹果果实品质、总钙含量、钙组分含量和组成比例的影响,为生产上科学补钙,改善‘瑞阳’苹果果实品质提供科学依据。以5 a生‘瑞阳’为试验材料,分别喷施清水、氯化钙、硝酸钙、糖醇钙、硅、氯化钙+硅、硝酸钙+硅、糖醇钙+硅,在幼果期每隔15 d喷施1次,共喷2次;在果实膨大期每隔20 d喷施1次,共喷2次;在果实成熟期喷施1次;生长期共计喷施5次。于花后120 d采样,测定果实单果质量、横纵径、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、果皮色泽等果实品质指标,以及果实总钙含量和不同钙组分含量和所占比例。结果表明,钙、硅和钙+硅处理均可以提高果实总钙含量,且钙+硅处理的效果优于钙或硅处理,其中糖醇钙+硅处理的总钙含量最高。各处理均能提高果实中的水溶性钙、果胶酸钙以及草酸钙含量和比例,降低磷酸钙的含量和比例。果实中总钙与钙组分中水溶性钙、果胶酸钙和草酸钙含量呈正相关,且它们均与磷酸钙在含量呈负相关。在提升果实品质方面,糖醇钙+硅的处理效果最好,与对照相比,在单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比和a^*均显著提高4.73%、20.29%、13...     

猪粪污水的UASB-生物接触氧化工艺处理

采用UASB-生物接触氧化组合工艺处理猪粪污水,研究其对高浓度有机废水的处理效果。结果表明,污水经过初次沉淀、厌氧、好氧、混凝沉淀、过滤、消毒等处理后,化学需氧量（CODcr）、生物需氧量（BOD5）、悬浮物（SS）、氨氮（NH3-N）去除率分别达到99%、99.5%、98.7%、99.7%;大肠杆菌和蛔虫卵均未检出;出水水质达到了国家中水回用标准（GJ/T48-1999）,完全可以作为猪栏冲洗用水,达到中水回用的目的。     

Mobilization of Cu and Zn in contaminated soil by nitrilotriacetic acid

Batch and upflow column leaching experiments were used to evaluate the nature and extent of Cu and Zn solubilization from contaminated soil by nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) in 0.025 M NaClO₄. In batch soil suspensions, NTA levels of 10^?5 to 10^?3 M substantially promoted Cu and Zn release from the metal-enriched soil. The ability of NTA to enhance Cu and Zn solubility decreased with increasing solution acidity probably due to competitive binding of NTA by protons and Fe released by hydrous oxide dissolution. However, in the pH range typically encountered in northeastern U.S. soils, soluble metal levels were nearly constant for a given NTA concentration. Leaching soil columns with NTA solutions enhanced Cu release more than Zn, as the enrichment ratio (cumulative metal leached by NTA compared to the 0.025 M NaClO₄ control leachate) after 85 pore volumes displacements was 23.6 and 4.3 for Cu and Zn, respectively. While Cu release by 0.01 M CaCl₂ differed little from the control, 0.01 M CaCl₂ was substantially more effective than 10^?5 M NTA in displacing bound Zn. The data reflect different retention mechanisms for Cu and Zn in this soil.     

Impacts of tree canopy structure on wind flows and fire propagation simulated with FIRETEC

Introduction   

Forest fuel management in the context of fire prevention generally induces heterogeneous spatial patterns of vegetation. However, the impact of the canopy structure on both wind flows and fire behavior is not well understood.     

广西南宁避雨栽培葡萄炭疽病的病原菌鉴定

炭疽病是葡萄的主要病害之一, 避雨栽培措施对葡萄炭疽病具有较好的防控作用?然而2020年, 在广西地区避雨栽培的葡萄上也发生了较严重的炭疽病, 田间调查发现, 炭疽病病穗率高达70%~80%, 造成产量损失50%?本研究于2020年从广西南宁市的‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄炭疽病病果中分离得到4株炭疽病菌?根据形态特征和多基因(ITS? ACT? TUB2? GAPDH 和CAL)系统发育分析, 将4个菌株鉴定为Colletotrichum viniferum?这是在广西首次发现C.viniferum引起葡萄炭疽病?