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1.
郭娜  盛后财  金星  杨谦 《北方园艺》2015,(8):190-193
红景天苷是景天科红景天属植物中广泛存在的酚类化合物,具有抗缺氧、抗辐射以及抗癌等药理作用,可用于一些心血管疾病和肝病的预防和治疗。同时红景天苷也可用作保健食品,具有滋补强身、抗氧化、抗疲劳、提高体力、延缓肌体衰老等功能。现对红景天属植物中红景天苷的提取工艺进行了综述,并简要阐述了各方法的优缺点,以期为深入研究红景天苷提取工艺提供理论基础。  相似文献   
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Data on associations between weather conditions and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) morbidity in autumn-placed feedlot cattle are sparse. The goal of our study was to quantify how different weather variables during corresponding lag periods (considering up to 7 d before the day of disease measure) were associated with daily BRD incidence during the first 45 d of the feeding period based on a post hoc analysis of existing feedlot operational data. Our study population included 1,904 cohorts of feeder cattle (representing 288,388 total cattle) that arrived to 9 US commercial feedlots during September to November in 2005 to 2007. There were 24,947 total cases of initial respiratory disease (animals diagnosed by the feedlots with BRD and subsequently treated with an antimicrobial). The mean number of BRD cases during the study period (the first 45 d after arrival) was 0.3 cases per day per cohort (range = 0 to 53.0), and cumulative BRD incidence risks ranged from 0 to 36% within cattle cohorts. Data were analyzed with a multivariable mixed-effects binomial regression model. Results indicate that several weather factors (maximum wind speed, mean wind chill temperature, and temperature change in different lag periods) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with increased daily BRD incidence, but their effects depended on several cattle demographic factors (month of arrival, BRD risk code, BW class, and cohort size). In addition, month and year of arrival, sex of the cohort, days on feed, mean BW of the cohort at entry, predicted BRD risk designation of the cohort (high or low risk), cohort size, and the interaction between BRD risk code and arrival year were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with daily BRD incidence. Our results demonstrate that weather conditions are significantly associated with BRD risk in populations of feedlot cattle. Defining these conditions for specific cattle populations may enable cattle health managers to predict and potentially manage these effects more effectively; further, estimates of effects may contribute to the development of quantitative predictive models for this important disease syndrome.  相似文献   
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Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are highly significant zoonotic threats to public health, and have been the causative agent implicated in numerous high-profile outbreaks affecting large numbers of people. Serovar O157 is most frequently linked with human illness; however, other serovars, such as O26, O103, O111 and O145, have also been implicated. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and virulence determinants of these five serovars in Irish dairy farm herds, and their milk. Using real-time PCR (RTi-PCR), bovine rectal faecal swabs and raw milk samples, along with milk filters, were screened for the presence of vt genes. Positive samples were then screened for the five serovars using sero-specific PCR. Serovar-positive samples were subjected to immunomagnetic separation, to isolate viable VTEC strains. These isolates were subsequently screened for four virulence factors: vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA. Three hundred and eighty six of the 600 rectal faecal swabs, 85 of the 117 milk-filters and 43 of the 120 bulk-tank milk samples, were positive for vt genes. From these 514 total vt-positive samples, 58 O26, 162 O103, 1 O111, 324 O145 and 26 O157 positives were detected by sero-specific RTi-PCR. Immunomagnetic separation yielded 12 O26, 26 O103, 0 O111, 19 O145 and 10 O157 isolates. Ten of these isolates contained at least one of the four virulence determinants screened for (i.e. vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA). Of these 10 isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that two of the O26 isolates from different farms were indistinguishable. Two O157 isolates were also indistinguishable. This study found serovars O103 and O145 to be the most prevalent in samples tested. Apart from the occurrence of VTEC in dairy herds, this study shows a high occurrence of vt genes in the environment, creating the possibility of horizontal gene transfer and emergence of new VTEC strains.  相似文献   
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盐碱土中可培养中度嗜盐菌的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了调查大庆盐碱地的中度嗜盐菌资源,采集重度盐碱化的土壤样本进行嗜盐微生物的分离纯化,获得45株中度嗜盐细菌。形态学特征显示,40%菌落呈黄色,其余为乳白色;细胞为直线或弯曲的杆状,G+和G-细菌比例为19:26。进一步的生理生化特征分析筛选出8株进行16S rDNA基因序列的测定及系统发育分析。结果表明,它们分别属于Bacillus(3株),Halomonas(2株)和Alkalibacillus(3株)属的菌株。菌株15-2应为现有种Bacillus agaradhaerens,X10-1(或X10-7)可能为Bacillus属潜在的新种,15-7(或X10-2)可能为Halomonas潜在的新种,有待于进一步的验证。研究虽然仅获得了有限的中度嗜盐菌资源,但却丰富了我们对大庆盐碱土中可培养中度嗜盐菌多样性的认识,为今后合理开发和利用大庆地区的嗜盐微生物资源提供了素材和参考。  相似文献   
7.
A major challenge in biology is to understand how buds comprising a few cells can give rise to complex plant and animal appendages like leaves or limbs. We address this problem through a combination of time-lapse imaging, clonal analysis, and computational modeling. We arrive at a model that shows how leaf shape can arise through feedback between early patterns of oriented growth and tissue deformation. Experimental tests through partial leaf ablation support this model and allow reevaluation of previous experimental studies. Our model allows a range of observed leaf shapes to be generated and predicts observed clone patterns in different species. Thus, our experimentally validated model may underlie the development and evolution of diverse organ shapes.  相似文献   
8.
极端嗜盐古菌分类学研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
极端嗜盐古菌因其具有特殊的细胞结构、生理机能和遗传基因,是一类重要的极端微生物资源。它不仅对研究生命的极限、微生物的分类与进化等方面有理论意义,而且在环境改造、开辟微生物新的功能等方面有重要的应用价值。文章对极端嗜盐古菌的分类学研究历史、分类学方法以及目前极端嗜盐古菌的分类状况作以具体的阐述。  相似文献   
9.
郑炬  曹广丽  杨谦 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(10):4259-4261,4279
[目的]对一株新型丁醇产生菌进行鉴定,并研究其发酵条件。[方法]通过富集培养、分离筛选纯化微生物菌株,利用气相色谱仪检测分离菌株的丁醇产量,并利用形态学观察、生理生化分析及16S rDNA分子鉴定确定分离菌株的种类。[结果]试验得到一株高产丁醇菌HIT1,其发酵时适宜的葡萄糖浓度为25 g/L,适宜的发酵初始pH为6.5,且与酵母粉相比,其能更好地利用蛋白胨作为氮源;试验确定HIT1为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。[结论]该研究在一定程度上拓宽了产丁醇菌种的资源库,为综合开发利用生物丁醇奠定了菌种多样性基础。  相似文献   
10.
杨谦  王雁  赵天榜 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(15):6294-6295
报道了河南杨属白杨组植物分布新记录,比《河南植物志》(第一册)中记载的该属白杨组植物多5种和15变型。  相似文献   
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