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1.
Haney SAMIR Kazuaki SASAKI Eman AHMED Aly KAREN Kentaro NAGAOKA Mohamed EL SAYED Kazuyoshi TAYA Gen WATANABE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):549-556
Although color Doppler ultrasonography has been used to evaluate testicular blood flow in
many species, very little has been done in goat. Eight male Shiba goats were exposed to a
single intramuscular injection of either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH group; 1
µg/kg BW) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG group; 25 IU/kg BW).
Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and inhibin (INH) were measured just before (0 hr)
and at different intervals post injection by radioimmunoassay. Testis volume (TV) and
Doppler indices, such as resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the
supratesticular artery, were measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography,
respectively. The results indicated an increase in testicular blood flow in both groups,
as RI and PI decreased significantly (P<0.05), but this increase was
significant higher and earlier in hCG group (1 hr) than in the GnRH group (2 hr). A high
correlation was found for RI and PI with both T (RI, r= −0.862; PI, r= −0.707) and INH in
the GnRH group (RI, r=0.661; PI, r=0.701). However, a significant
(P<0.05) correlation was found between E2 and both RI (r= −0.610) and
PI (r= −0.763) in hCG group. In addition, TV significantly increased and was highly
correlated with RI in both groups (GnRH, r= −0.718; hCG, r= −0.779). In conclusion, hCG
and GnRH may improve testicular blood flow and TV in Shiba goats. 相似文献
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Ryota MATSUYAMA Naotoshi KUNINAGA Tomoya MORIMOTO Tetsuya SHIBANO Akiko SUDO Kazunari SUDO Makoto ASANO Masatsugu SUZUKI Tetsuo ASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1179-1181
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a causal agent of gastroenteritis, sepsis
and meningitis in humans. We examined the prevalence of P. shigelloides
among great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan and the
antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. P. shigelloides was isolated
from 33 (47.8%) of 69 fecal samples from great cormorants in 2014. All 33 isolates were
subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which
showed resistance to ampicillin (31 isolates, 93.9%), tetracycline (two isolates, 6.1%)
and trimethoprim (one isolate, 3.0%). The high prevalence of P.
shigelloides in the great cormorants implicates the possible microbiological
risk to public health. 相似文献
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It is now widely recognized that probiotics have health-beneficial effects on humans and animals. Probiotics should survive in the intestinal tract to exert beneficial effects on the host's health. To keep a sufficient level of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, a shorter interval between doses may be required. Although adherence to the intestinal epithelial cell and mucus is not a universal property of probiotics, high ability to adhere to the intestinal surface might strongly interfere with infection of pathogenic bacteria and regulate the immune system. The administration of probiotic Lactobacillus stimulated indigenous Lactobacilli and the production of short-chain fatty acids. This alteration of the intestinal environment should contribute to maintain the host's health. The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics are related to important parts of their beneficial effects. Probiotics may modulate the intestinal immune response through the stimulation of certain cytokine and IgA secretion in intestinal mucosa. The health-beneficial effects, in particular the immunomodulation effect, of probiotics depend on the strain used. Differences in indigenous intestinal microflora significantly alter the magnitude of the effects of a probiotic. Specific probiotic strains suitable for each animal species and their life stage as well as each individual should be found. 相似文献
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Hirotaka Ihara Naoto Kato Shigeru Takahashi Kazunari Nagaoka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):824-831
Soil solarization is a nonchemical method of soil disinfection achieved by covering the soil surface with sheets of vinyl plastic to generate elevated soil temperature, generally over 45°C. Such elevated temperatures may be detrimental to some nitrifying microorganisms and favorable to others. However, little information exists to indicate how nitrification activity in soil is affected after solarization. We performed several experiments to investigate the effects of soil solarization on nitrification activity. We found that: (1) if a soil was subjected to pretreatment of 45 or 50°C for as little as 1 d, nitrification activity in a subsequent incubation at 30°C was less than that of a soil that did not receive any high-temperature pretreatment. However, if a soil received pretreatments of 45 or 50°C for more than 7 d, nitrification activity in a subsequent incubation at 45 or 50°C was greater than that of soil that did not receive high temperature pretreatment. (2) Nitrification activity in three kinds of soil taken from 0–5 cm depth after solarization treatment was greater at 45°C than 30°C. (3) Nitrification activity at 45°C in soil that had received solarization in the preceding year was greater than that in soil that had not been subjected to solarization. This was consistent with the fact that the population densities of ammonia oxidizers were greater in soils that had been subjected to solarization. These results suggest that soil solarization induces nitrifying microorganisms that are more active at 45–50°C than they are at 30°C, and that the effect of solarization on nitrification persists until the next crop season. 相似文献
7.
Change of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration with early growth in Japanese beef cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yoshihito SUDA Kentaro NAGAOKA Kazuki NAKAGAWA Takashi CHIBA Fumihiro YUSA Hisashi SHINOHARA Akira NIHEI Toshihiro YAMAGISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(3):205-210
The aim of the present study was to examine the change in plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentration with early growth, changes of bodyweight (BW) and relative dairy gain (RDG) in the pre‐ (PRW) and postweaning periods (POW) in Japanese beef cattle, and relationships with metabolites. A total of 33 calves, 22 Japanese black, 6 Japanese shorthorn and 5 of their crossbreed were studied. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and metabolite (glucose, triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acid) levels in the plasma, from jugular vein blood taken every month, were measured along with BW. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in POW increased dramatically with increase of BW (P < 0.05), and the correlation was positive at 0.52 (P < 0.01). Glucose levels correlated significantly with BW, RDG and IGF‐1 (P < 0.01). Metabolic required calorie correlated positively with IGF‐1 (P < 0.01). Also, correlations of BW in POW, with BW and RDG in PRW were positive (P < 0.01). Growth in PRW would be influenced by maternal effects, while active self‐secretion of IGF‐1 in POW might contribute to POW growth. These factors suggested that to increase growth in PRW, maintaining enough maternal effect and IGF‐1 level in POW, was important for establishing better growth after weaning. 相似文献
8.
Piao SJ Tsukahara T Itoh M Shiga A Adachi Y Ushida K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(4):425-428
We observed a significant difference in the organic acid profile of diarrheal feces between pigs infected with and free from pathogenic spirochetes. Diarrhea and loose feces were collected from growing pigs, held at 15 different commercial farms. A total of 106 samples were measured for organic acid concentration by HPLC and were checked for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli by PCR. B. hyodysenteriae was detected in 3 samples collected from one farm. B. pilosicoli was detected in 5 samples collected from another farm. Lower concentrations of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate were likely associated with development of pathogenic spirochete infection. 相似文献
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Kyoji Hagiwara Takahiko Higashi Kazunari Takahashi Naho Hara Hideyuki Aoki Naoyuki Miyazaki Qing-Yu Wang Yafeng Zhu Osamu Yatou Hiroshi Tanaka Toshihiro Omura 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(3):186-189
Transencapsidation of the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) inner core by the Rice dwarf virus (RDV) outer capsid P8 protein was examined in vitro and in planta. When RGDV core particles were incubated with an extract
from RDV P8-transgenic rice leaf tissue, RDV P8 encapsidated the RGDV core particles to form double-shelled virus-like particles
in vitro. In contrast, when RDV P8-transgenic rice plants were inoculated with RGDV, progeny RGDV particles contained RGDV
P8 but RDV P8 was not detectable in the virions. No significant differences were found in acquisition by the vector insects
and subsequent transmission rates between RGDV infecting nontransgenic rice plants and those infecting RDV P8-transgenic rice
plants. These results indicate that mechanisms of and/or requirements for interactions between P8 and the inner core particles
of phytoreoviruses differ between in vitro and in planta. 相似文献
10.
Nakamura K Murata C Ito M Iwamori T Nishimura S Hisamatsu S Sonoki S Nakayama A Suyama E Kawasaki H Taira K Nishino K Tachi C 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2006,52(1):73-80
As the first step in investigating the possiblity of applying ribozyme technology to artificial control of the sex ratios at birth in farm animals, where the demand for females exceeds that for males, we designed a hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz) and 2 tRNA(val)-hammerhead ribozyme complexes (tRNARz3 and tRNARz4), and examined their effects upon murine Sry mRNA in vitro and in cells. We demonstrated that HHRz and tRNARz3 could effectively cleave the target Sry mRNA in vitro. For the purpose of experiments in vivo, HHRz was cloned into the highly efficient pUC-CAGGS mammalian expression vector (pCAG/HHRz), and the tRNA ribozyme complexes were cloned into the pol III promoter-driven pPUR-KE vector (pPUR/tRNARz3 and pPUR/tRNARz4); the ribozyme vectors were co-transfected with the target vector (pCAG/Sry). A suppressive action (up to approx. 60%) was confirmed for pCAG/HHRz and pPUR/tRNARz3 upon the transiently expressed exogenously introduced Sry in M15 cultured cells. 相似文献