Effects of single and mixed-diatom diets on growth,condition, and survival of larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

Aquaculture International - The development of rearing protocols promoting the larval development, pre and post-metamorphosis are key for echinoculture. Mixed diets combining diatom with other...     

岩溶流域典型农业区水体氢氧同位素的空间异质性及形成机制

分别于平水期和枯水期采集了花溪河流域典型农业区地表水和地下水样品。利用氢氧同位素示踪技术,结合土地利用类型对研究区不同水体的补给来源、季节变化及主要影响过程进行了分析,并对不同水体氢氧同位素值进行了空间插值分析,同时对其形成机制进行了分析,阐明了不同土地利用类型影响下的主要水文过程。结果表明:(1)研究区不同水体的主要补给来源为当地大气降水,月亮湖水库受蒸发作用影响明显,地表水和地下水的δD和δ~(18)O整体上呈现平水期高于枯水期的特征。(2)地下水的δD和δ~(18)O在枯水期与平水期均呈现明显的空间分异性特征,西部水田/水库集中区富集,东部旱地集中区贫化,土地利用对研究区环境水文过程影响明显。该研究结果有助于了解不同土地利用方式下地表水对地下水的影响,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

安徽省基层动物防疫队伍改革实践与思考

村级防疫员是现阶段基层动物防疫队伍的重要力量，在强制免疫以及高致病性禽流感、非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病防控中发挥着重要作用。安徽省在全国率先创建村级防疫员队伍，为全国动物防疫工作贡献了安徽方案、安徽智慧。新修订的《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》对村级防疫员队伍建设和职能定位作出了新的规定。本文总结了安徽省在村级防疫员队伍建设方面采取的主要做法、主要成效，分析了队伍建设中存在的主要问题，提出进一步健全规章制度、加大投入力度、规范队伍管理等措施建议，并从“转身份、转职能、转服务、转方式”等视角对队伍未来建设进行了构想。     

Poorly crystalline iron and aluminium oxides contribute to the carbon saturation and sorption of dissolved organic carbon in the soil

Soil carbon (C) saturation implies an upper limit to a soil's capacity to store C depending on the contents of silt + clay and poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides. We hypothesized that the poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides in silt + clay fraction increased the C saturation and thus reduced the capacity of the soil to sorb additional C input. To test the hypothesis, we studied the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on silt + clay fractions (<53 µm) of highly weathered oxic soils, collected from three different land uses (i.e., improved pasture, cropping and forest). Soils with high carbon saturation desorbed 38% more C than soils with low C saturation upon addition of DOC, whereas adsorption of DOC was only observed at higher concentration (>15 g kg^?1). While high Al oxide concentration significantly increased both the saturation and desorption of DOC, the high Fe oxide concentration significantly increased the desorption of DOC, supporting the proposition that both oxides have influence on the DOC sorption in soil. Our findings provide a new insight into the chemical control of stabilization and destabilization of DOC in soil.     

Effect of farm management on topsoil organic carbon and aggregate stability in water: A case study from Southwest England,UK

There are few reliable data sets to inspire confidence in policymakers that soil organic carbon (SOC) can be measured on farms. We worked with farmers in the Tamar Valley region of southwest England to select sampling sites under similar conditions (soil type, aspect and slope) and management types. Topsoils (2–15 cm) were sampled in autumn 2015, and percentage soil organic matter (%SOM) was determined by loss on ignition and used to calculate %SOC. We also used the stability of macroaggregates in cold water (WSA) (‘soil slaking’) as a measure of ‘soil health’ and investigated its relationship with SOC in the clay‐rich soils. %SOM was significantly different between management types in the order woodland (11.1%) = permanent pasture (9.5%) > ley‐arable rotation (7.7%) = arable (7.3%). This related directly to SOC stocks that were larger in fields under permanent pasture and woodland compared with those under arable or ley‐arable rotation whether corrected for clay content (F = 8.500, p < .0001) or not (F = 8.516, p < .0001). WSA scores were strongly correlated with SOC content whether corrected for clay content (SOC_adj R² = .571, p < .0001) or not (SOC_unadj R² = 0.490, p = .002). Time since tillage controlled SOC stocks and WSA scores, accounting for 75.5% and 51.3% of the total variation, respectively. We conclude that (1) SOC can be reliably measured in farmed soils using accepted protocols and related to land management and (2) WSA scores can be rapidly measured in clay soils and related to SOC stocks and soil management.     

桃蛀螟和松蛀螟的外部形态学和几何形态度量学研究

[目的]桃蛀螟[Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée,1854)]和松蛀螟(C.pinicolalis Inoue&Yamanaka,2006)是重要的农林业害虫,前者属重大蛀果害虫,为害多种果树和农作物且会造成巨大的经济损失.二者具有同域分布、外部形态和外生殖器解剖结构差异甚微等特性,不仅为区分2种害虫带了很大困扰、而且对准确预测它们的发生期也带来了困难.[方法]本研究整合应用外部形态学和几何形态度量学探索区分2种害虫的有效途径.几何形态度量学研究以前翅斑点为依据,基于地标点法使用TPSdig选取地标点,然后应用MorphoJ开展地标点数据的主成分分析.[结果]外部形态学的比较研究证实下唇须和后足的性状能够较好地区分2种害虫的雄性个体,但雌性个体不易区分;几何形态度量学分析显示基于桃蛀螟和松蛀螟地标点数据的主成分分析可有效地将2个物种区分开来.[结果]几何形态度量学在区分农林业害虫相似种类具有较显著的优势和重要的应用价值.     

天津春稻和麦茬稻品质特性比较

以天津市培育的优质小站稻品种津川1号和隆优619为供试材料,分析了春稻和麦茬稻品质特性的差异。结果表明,津川1号作麦茬稻的整精米率明显低于作春稻,而垩白粒率显著高于春稻;津川1号麦茬稻的蛋白质含量明显偏高,食味值显著低于春稻;隆优619作春稻和麦茬稻无论在外观、加工、食味还是营养品质方面均无显著差异,是较理想的麦茬连作品种。     

小麦生长发育后期高产栽培技术

针对小麦生长发育后期面临的主要问题,总结近年来农业生产管理实践经验,分别从浇扬花灌浆水、病虫害防治、防止倒春寒和预防干热风等方面提出管理建议,以期为小麦后期管理提供参考,促进小麦增产增收。