木质包装中黄斑星天牛微波处理初探

为了探索微波处理作为木质包装替代处理方法的可能性,对不同规格和含水量的杨树木块进行微波处理试验,结果表明:频率为2450MHz的微波能够穿透厚度为10cm的杨树木材;当微波功率为900W时,规格为10cm×10cm×10cm和10cm×10cm×2.5cm的新木块中黄斑星天牛(Anoplophora nobolis)幼虫完全死亡所需时间分别为5min和2min;而干木块中则仅需3min和30s.对微波处理引起木材温度变化和水分损失以及天牛幼虫的水分损失进行了初步研究.     

Immunomodulation by virulence proteins of the parapoxvirus orf virus

Three orf virus putative virulence proteins are described that exhibit immunomodulatory functions. The OVIFNR gene at the left terminus of the viral genome encodes an interferon resistance protein with homology to the E3L gene of vaccinia virus. OVIFNR functions by preventing a dsRNA-dependent kinase from inhibiting virus and cell protein synthesis as part of the interferon-induced anti-viral state within infected cells. The orf virus orthologue of the ovine interleukin-10 (vIL-10) gene is located at the right terminus of the viral genome. Both vIL-10 and host (ovine) IL-10 function in vitro as inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by keratinocytes and macrophages, and both inhibit IFN-gamma production from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Both the orf virus vIL-10 and ovine IL-10 stimulate mast cell and thymocyte proliferation. In this respect the orf virus IL-10 differs from Epstein Barr virus IL-10 which does not exhibit cell proliferative activity. Finally, the orf virus GM-CSF inhibitory factor gene (GIF) at the right terminus of the viral genome encodes an inhibitor of GM-CSF that also binds IL-2. Together, these viral proteins are capable of inhibiting key components of the ovine anti-virus immune and inflammatory response.     

Effects of dietary particulate limestone, vitamin K3 and fluoride and photostimulation on skeletal morphology and osteoporosis in laying hens

1. Female chicks of a White Leghorn strain were fed three different diets from one day old: control, additional vitamin K3 (10 mg/kg), and a diet containing a combination of additional vitamin K3, sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg) and limestone in particulate rather than powdered form. At 16 weeks photoperiod was increased for half the birds from 8:16 L:D to 16:8 L:D immediately or by one hour per week to the same ultimate photoperiod for the other half. 2. Age at first egg was lower by 4.0 d for birds on the fast lighting regime but there were no overall effects of lighting on bone quality at either 25 or 70 weeks. 3. Additional vitamin K3 resulted in higher proximal tarsometatarsus cancellous bone volumes at 15 weeks and throughout the laying period compared with controls. Plasma osteocalcin concentrations were unaffected by vitamin K3 supplementation during growth. 4. The combination diet resulted in beneficial responses of 12 to 20% in most bone characteristics in hens at 70 weeks. The magnitude of these effects was similar to a previous study involving a particulate calcium source alone (Fleming et al., Poultry Science, 39: 434-440, 1998b). We conclude that the beneficial effects of the combined treatment over the lifetime of the hens were attributable mainly to the presence in the diet of a calcium source in particulate form.     

Inhibition of formation of oxidative volatile components in fermented cucumbers by ascorbic acid and turmeric

Two naturally occurring antioxidants, ascorbic acid and turmeric, were effective in inhibiting formation of hexanal, (E)-2-penenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-heptenal, and (E)-2-octenal when slurries of fermented cucumber tissue were exposed to oxygen. Added ascorbic acid prevented formation of most of these oxidative aldehydes at 175 ppm or greater. Turmeric, which is used commercially as a yellow coloring in cucumber pickle products, was found to almost completely prevent aldehyde formation at 40 ppm.     

Enterotoxemia in neonatal calves

The incidence, bacterial characteristics, disease syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of enterotoxemia of neonatal calves caused by Clostridium perfringens (Types A, B, C, D, and E) are reviewed.     

Evaluation of harmful algal bloom outreach activities

With an apparent increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide, healthcare providers, public health personnel and coastal managers are struggling to provide scientifically-based appropriately-targeted HAB outreach and education. Since 1998, the Florida Poison Information Center-Miami, with its 24 hour/365 day/year free Aquatic Toxins Hotline (1–888–232–8635) available in several languages, has received over 25,000 HAB-related calls. As part of HAB surveillance, all possible cases of HAB-related illness among callers are reported to the Florida Health Department. This pilot study evaluated an automated call processing menu system that allows callers to access bilingual HAB information, and to speak directly with a trained Poison Information Specialist. The majority (68%) of callers reported satisfaction with the information, and many provided specific suggestions for improvement. This pilot study, the first known evaluation of use and satisfaction with HAB educational outreach materials, demonstrated that the automated system provided useful HAB-related information for the majority of callers, and decreased the routine informational call workload for the Poison Information Specialists, allowing them to focus on callers needing immediate assistance and their healthcare providers. These results will lead to improvement of this valuable HAB outreach, education and surveillance tool. Formal evaluation is recommended for future HAB outreach and educational materials.