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排序方式: 共有879条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
Reproductive resilience: a paradigm shift in understanding spawner‐recruit systems in exploited marine fish 下载免费PDF全文
Susan Lowerre‐Barbieri Greg DeCelles Pierre Pepin Ignacio A Catalán Barbara Muhling Brad Erisman Steven X Cadrin Josep Alós Andres Ospina‐Alvarez Megan M Stachura Michael D Tringali Sarah Walters Burnsed Claire B Paris 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(2):285-312
A close relationship between adult abundance and stock productivity may not exist for many marine fish stocks, resulting in concern that the management goal of maximum sustainable yield is either inefficient or risky. Although reproductive success is tightly coupled with adult abundance and fecundity in many terrestrial animals, in exploited marine fish where and when fish spawn and consequent dispersal dynamics may have a greater impact. Here, we propose an eco‐evolutionary perspective, reproductive resilience, to understand connectivity and productivity in marine fish. Reproductive resilience is the capacity of a population to maintain the reproductive success needed to result in long‐term population stability despite disturbances. A stock's reproductive resilience is driven by the underlying traits in its spawner‐recruit system, selected for over evolutionary timescales, and the ecological context within which it is operating. Spawner‐recruit systems are species specific, have both density‐dependent and fitness feedback loops and are made up of fixed, behavioural and ecologically variable traits. They operate over multiple temporal, spatial and biological scales, with trait diversity affecting reproductive resilience at both the population and individual (i.e. portfolio) scales. Models of spawner‐recruit systems fall within three categories: (i) two‐dimensional models (i.e. spawner and recruit); (ii) process‐based biophysical dispersal models which integrate physical and environmental processes into understanding recruitment; and (iii) complex spatially explicit integrated life cycle models. We review these models and their underlying assumptions about reproductive success vs. our emerging mechanistic understanding. We conclude with practical guidelines for integrating reproductive resilience into assessments of population connectivity and stock productivity. 相似文献
2.
Effect of environmental conditions on the seasonal and inter‐annual variability of small pelagic fish abundance off North‐West Africa: The case of both Senegalese sardinella 下载免费PDF全文
Modou Thiaw Pierre‐Amaël Auger Fambaye Ngom Timothée Brochier Saliou Faye Ousmane Diankha Patrice Brehmer 《Fisheries Oceanography》2017,26(5):583-601
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of environmental variations on the abundance of Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis in Senegalese waters in the upwelling system. Monthly data indicating the abundance of sardinella were first estimated from commercial statistics, using Generalized Linear Model from 1966 to 2011. Abundance indices (AIs) were then compared with environmental indices, at the local scale, a Coastal Upwelling Index (CUI) and a coastal Sea Surface Temperature (SST) index, and on a large scale, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), using correlations and times series analyses. The results showed that the abundance of sardinella is determined by a strong seasonal pattern and inter‐annual fluctuations. The abundance of S. aurita peaked in spring and in autumn, whereas that of S. maderensis peaked in the warm season (July–September). The trend of the sardinella abundance was significantly correlated with the CUI, especially in autumn and spring. Interannual fluctuations of S. maderensis and S. aurita abundance are, respectively, driven by the precocity and the duration of the upwelling season that is attributed to distinct migration patterns. Both sardinella species also respond with a delay of around 4 years to the winter NAO index and the autumn CUI, and the AMO index, respectively, both related to migration patterns. The wide variations in sardinella biomass are caused by variations in environmental conditions, which should be considered in the implementation of an ecosystem‐based approach in sardinella stocks management. 相似文献
3.
Luc Doyen Christophe Béné Michel Bertignac Fabian Blanchard Abdoul Ahad Cissé Catherine Dichmont Sophie Gourguet Olivier Guyader Pierre‐Yves Hardy Sarah Jennings Lorne Richard Little Claire Macher David Jonathan Mills Ahmed Noussair Sean Pascoe Jean‐Christophe Pereau Nicolas Sanz Anne‐Maree Schwarz Tony Smith Olivier Thébaud 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(6):1056-1072
Reconciling food security, economic development and biodiversity conservation is a key challenge, especially in the face of the demographic transition characterizing many countries in the world. Fisheries and marine ecosystems constitute a difficult application of this bio‐economic challenge. Many experts and scientists advocate an ecosystem approach to manage marine socio‐ecosystems for their sustainability and resilience. However, the ways by which to operationalize ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) remain poorly specified. We propose a specific methodological framework—viability modelling—to do so. We show how viability modelling can be applied using four contrasted case‐studies: two small‐scale fisheries in South America and Pacific and two larger‐scale fisheries in Europe and Australia. The four fisheries are analysed using the same modelling framework, structured around a set of common methods, indicators and scenarios. The calibrated models are dynamic, multispecies and multifleet and account for various sources of uncertainty. A multicriteria evaluation is used to assess the scenarios’ outcomes over a long time horizon with different constraints based on ecological, social and economic reference points. Results show to what extent the bio‐economic and ecosystem risks associated with the adoption of status quo strategies are relatively high and challenge the implementation of EBFM. In contrast, strategies called ecoviability or co‐viability strategies, that aim at satisfying the viability constraints, reduce significantly these ecological and economic risks and promote EBFM. The gains associated with those ecoviability strategies, however, decrease with the intensity of regulations imposed on these fisheries. 相似文献
4.
Hunter J. Piegols Brittany E. Abrams Janis M. Lapsley Megan T. Cray Josephine A. Dornbusch Christina Murphy Brandan G. Wustefeld-Janssens Carlos H. Souza Marine Traverson Pierre Amsellem Elroy Williams Owen T. Skinner Julius M. Liptak Julie A. Stephens Laura E. Selmic 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(4):673-684
Adrenalectomies for canine adrenal tumours are associated with peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Objectives of this study included assessing the prognostic value of tumour- or surgery-related variables in predicting peri-operative mortality and overall survival in dogs undergoing adrenalectomies for primary adrenal tumours as well as pre-treatment with phenoxybenzamine on survival to discharge with pheochromocytomas specifically. A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was performed across nine institutions. Electronic medical record searches identified 302 dogs which met the inclusion criteria. Data collected included dog-related, tumour-related, treatment-related, surgery-related, and outcome variables. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression and cox proportional hazards models were used to identify variables associated with death prior to discharge and tumour-related survival. Overall, 87% of dogs survived to discharge with a tumour-related survival time of 3.96 years. Post-operative complications were reported in 25%. Increased surgical time (p = 0.002) and pre-surgical medical treatment other than phenoxybenzamine (p = 0.024) were significantly associated with increased peri-operative mortality while ureteronephrectomy (p = 0.021), post-operative pancreatitis (p = 0.025), and post-operative aspiration pneumonia (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased overall survival. Phenoxybenzamine pretreatment had no effect on peri-operative mortality. Thirty-seven of 45 (82%) dogs with pheochromocytomas not pretreated survived to discharge, and 50 of 59 (85%) dogs with pheochromocytomas pretreated with phenoxybenzamine survived to discharge (p = 0.730). This study provides information on risk factors for death prior to discharge and tumour-related survival that may help guide clinical management and owner expectations. In addition, the study findings challenge the previously reported benefit of phenoxybenzamine for pretreatment of dogs undergoing adrenalectomies for pheochromocytomas. 相似文献
5.
Thermal optima of photosynthetic functions and thermostability of photochemistry in cork oak seedlings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Temperature effects on photosynthesis were studied in seedlings of evergreen Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Responses to changes in temperature and the temperature optima of maximal carboxylation rate (V(cmax)) and maximal light-driven electron flux (J(max)) were estimated from gas exchange measurements and a leaf-level photosynthesis model. The estimated temperature optima were approximately 34 and 33 degrees C for V(cmax) and J(max), respectively, which fall within the lower range of temperature optima previously observed in deciduous tree species. The thermostability of the photosynthetic apparatus was estimated according to the temperature at which basal chlorophyll a fluorescence begins to increase (T(c)). The T(c) was highly variable, increasing from 42 to 51 degrees C when ambient temperature rose from 10 to 40 degrees C, and increasing from 44 to 54 degrees C with decreasing soil water availability while net CO(2) assimilation rate dropped to almost zero. When a heat shock was imposed, an additional small increase in T(c) was observed in drought-stressed and control seedlings. Maximal T(c) values following heat shock were about 56 degrees C, which, to our knowledge, are the highest values that have been observed in tree species. In conclusion, the intrinsic temperature responses of cork oak did not differ from those of other species (similar T(c) under ambient temperature and water availability, and relatively low thermal optima for photosynthetic capacity in seedlings grown at cool temperatures). However, the large ability of cork oak to acclimate to drought and elevated temperature may be an important factor in the tolerance of this evergreen Mediterranean species to summer drought and high temperatures. 相似文献
6.
Tony Franceschini Jean-Daniel Bontemps Pierre Gelhaye Daniel Rittie Jean-Christophe Herve Jean-Claude Gegout Jean-Michel Leban 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(8):816-816
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• Studies on wood density variations are necessary for estimating the forest carbon pool. Further, they can help predict the
technological properties of wooden end-products. While there have been frequent reports on the relationships between wood
density, cambial age, and ring width, there is little information about the historical trend in wood density for the last
century, particularly in the context of global climate change. 相似文献
7.
Mathieu Jonard Frédéric André François Jonard Nicolas Mouton Pierre Procès Quentin Ponette 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(2):141-150
Total Soil Respiration (TSR) was measured in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech and was partitioned into two contributions using the forest floor removal technique: Mineral Soil Respiration (MSR) and Forest Floor Respiration (FFR). In addition, laboratory incubations of the forest floor and the Ah horizon were performed to evaluate the heterotrophic respiration and the DOC production of these horizons. The relationships between soil temperature and the various soil respiration contributions in the three stands were compared using Q 10 functions. In situ, significant differences (α = 0,05) between stands were observed for the R 10 parameter (respiration rate at 10 °C) of the TSR, MSR and FFR contributions, while only the temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of TSR was significantly affected by stand composition. The effect of soil water content was only significant on MSR and followed different patterns according to stand composition. Under controlled conditions, the R 10 of the forest floor and of the Ah horizon varied with stand composition and the Q 10 of the forest floor decreased in the order: oak (2.27) > mixture (2.01) > beech (1.71). 相似文献
8.
Anne Poszwa Bruno Ferry Benoît Pollie Catherine Grimaldi Pierre Charles-Dominique Michel Loubet Etienne Dambrine 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(5):512-512
9.
Diversity of water use efficiency among Quercus robur genotypes: contribution of related leaf traits
Magali Roussel Didier Le Thiec Pierre Montpied Nathalie Ningre Jean-Marc Guehl Oliver Brendel 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(4):408-408
10.
Xavier Cavard Laurent Augusto Etienne Saur Pierre Trichet 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(8):875-881
European gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) N2 fixation rate (%Ndfa) was studied in a maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aït.) oligotrophic forest. Fertilization field trials were carried out on 5 sites with various inputs of phosphorus (0–240 kg P2O5·ha?1). Seven to ten years after pine planting, gorse were sampled to evaluate the effect of P fertilization on gorse %Ndfa, determined using the 15N natural abundance method. One of the prerequisites of this method is the existence of a significant difference between the 15N/14N ratios in the atmospheric N reference and in the stand soil N references. This prerequisite was satisfied for 80 of 120 cases. The average %Ndfa was high (70 ± 3%) but with high local variability. No significant difference in %Ndfa was detected among P treatments. Nitrogen concentration of gorse was significantly higher in the highest dose treatments compared to the control. 相似文献
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