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1.
Stefan Fleck Nathalie Cools Bruno De Vos Henning Meesenburg Richard Fischer 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(4):945-957
Key message
Aggregated, consolidated, and derived soil physicochemical data of 286 ICP Forests Level II plots were completed with soil hydraulic properties for integrated use with forest monitoring data. Database access should be requested at http://icp-forests.net . Metadata associated available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/apps/georchestra/?uuid=153e599e-6624-4e2b-b862-8124386ea9cd&hl=engContext
The ICP Forests database is one of the most comprehensive forest ecosystem datasets in Europe and contains the accumulated results of more than two decades of harmonised forest monitoring all over Europe.Aims
The aim of this paper is to share knowledge on the ICP Forests Level II soil data for broader use among forest scientists.Methods
After standard analysis, quality checks, aggregation, and calculation of derived variables (e.g. nutrient stocks, base saturation, C:N ratio, and water retention parameters), data have been gathered into a static database (AFSCDB.LII.2.2), which will be updated to new versions as soon as new measurements become available.Results
The database provides a basis for the combined evaluation of up to 130 unique soil variables of 286 plots with dynamic data on tree growth, ground vegetation, foliar chemistry, crown condition, tree phenology, leaf area index, ozone injury, litterfall, soil solution chemistry, deposition, ambient air quality, and meteorological data assessed on the same plots.Conclusion
The unprecedented comprehensiveness and level of detail in this newly aggregated database may overcome existing restrictions so far impeding the realisation of large-scale forest ecosystem studies in Europe.2.
Roselien Crab Yoram Avnimelech Tom Defoirdt Peter Bossier Willy Verstraete 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):1-14
As the aquaculture industry intensively develops, its environmental impact increases. Discharges from aquaculture deteriorate the receiving environment and the need for fishmeal and fish oil for fish feed production increases. Rotating biological contactors, trickling filters, bead filters and fluidized sand biofilters are conventionally used in intensive aquaculture systems to remove nitrogen from culture water. Besides these conventional water treatment systems, there are other possible modi operandi to recycle aquaculture water and simultaneously produce fish feed. These double-purpose techniques are the periphyton treatment technique, which is applicable to extensive systems, and the proteinaceous bio-flocs technology, which can be used in extensive as well as in intensive systems. In addition to maintenance of good water quality, both techniques provide an inexpensive feed source and a higher efficiency of nutrient conversion of feed. The bio-flocs technology has the advantage over the other techniques that it is relatively inexpensive; this makes it an economically viable approach for sustainable aquaculture. 相似文献
3.
The atmospheric deposition of some major components (e.g., NO3-N 6.6 and 14.5; SO4-S 17.8 and 42.4 kg ha–1 a–1) and trace elements (e.g., Cd 0.4 and 1.1, Cu < 1.9=" and=" 15,=" pb=" 43=" and=" 48=" g=">–1 a–1) in bulk and throughfall deposition respectively, shows a pronounced decline in recent measurements of total deposition in the eastern Erzgebirge (Germany). This is true for both bulk and throughfall deposition in 1992–1994 as compared to similar data from 1985–1989. The decline is a result of successful emission control strategies in central Europe and the shut down of plants and factories in the former GDR.The dry deposition at the highest (influenced by long-range transport) and the lowest station (local influences) shows distinct differences (e.g., Cd 0.6 and 0.3; Cu 17.4 and 7.3; Pb 13 and 31 ng m–3). A comparison between total and dry deposition exhibits the different behavior of elements in respect to atmospheric concentrations and solubility in (rain)water. Anthropogenically released elements are mainly immited via wet deposition. 相似文献
4.
Zhang GF Maudens KE Storozhenko S Mortier KA Van Der Straeten D Lambert WE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):7872-7878
A procedure involving chemical conversion of all forms of folate present in plant material into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and a liquid chromatographic-fluorimetric determination with on-line postcolumn derivatization is reported. All folates are cleaved with liberation of PABA by hydrogen peroxide followed by acid hydrolysis using concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%) at 110 degrees C for 6 h. The reaction yield for individual folates conversion to PABA ranged from 44.4 to 97.3%. PABA could be determined sensitively by on-line postcolumn derivatization with fluorescamine, the detection limit for PABA being 3.02 nM. On the basis of this principle, a method for the determination of total folate in plant material, including a purification step on an affinity column, is presented, which offers a sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for routine analysis of total folate in natural samples. The total folate contents of tomatoes, carrots, white cabbage, and spinach were determined, and the results were quite comparable to the data reported. The recovery of PABA and the comparison of total folate analysis in spinach on different occasions (over 6 months) are also reported. The method is reliable, universal for all folates, including polyglutamate and monoglutamate forms, and eliminates the need for a deconjugation step and multiple conversion reactions. 相似文献
5.
Willy Dejonckheere Walter Steurbaut Guy Melkebeke Ren H. Kips 《Pest management science》1983,14(2):99-107
The leaching of aldicarb and thiofanox in soils (sandy loam, silt loam and sandy clay loam), and their uptake by sugarbeet plants were studied. Three irrigation levels were maintained: half, normal and double dose. The residues were determined as the sum of the insecticidal metabolites (parent compound + sulphoxide+ sulphone) for both pesticides. Leaching was greatly influenced by the amount of water added and the soil type. Under normal conditions, leaching seemed to proceed very slowly, keeping the chemicals available for uptake by the root systems for a long time. The concentration of insecticide in the leaves was highest in beets grown on sandy loam and lowest in those grown on sandy clay loam. The quantity of irrigation did not influence the residue concentration in the leaves greatly, although its influence was obvious on the total residue present (μg per plant). Increasing the water dose always resulted in a higher total residue, and a greater plant weight. The breakdown in the soils was directly related to the water dose. The experiments show that thiofanox was more stable than aldicarb and was taken up by sugarbeet to a greater extent. 相似文献
6.
Johannes Stoffels Sebastian Mader Joachim Hill Willy Werner Godehard Ontrup 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(4):1071-1089
Due to high variation in forest communities, forest structure and the fragmentation of the forested area in Central Europe, satellite-based forest inventory methods have to meet particularly high-quality requirements. This study presents an innovative method to combine official forest inventory information at stand level with multidate satellite imagery using a spatially adaptive classification approach for producing wall-to-wall forest cover maps of important tree species and management classes across multiple ownership regions in a heterogeneous low mountain range in Germany. The classification approach was applied to a 5,200-km2 area (about 2,080?km2 of forest land, mostly mixed forests) located in the Eifel mountain range in Central Europe. In comparison with conventional classifiers, our results demonstrate a significant increase in classification accuracy in the order of 12%. The method was tested with ASTER images but holds the potential to be used for regular state forest inventories based on standard and novel earth observation data supplied for instance from the SPOT-5 and RapidEye sensors. 相似文献
7.
S Cools W Van den Broeck S De Vliegher S Piepers G Opsomer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):e29-e32
High‐yielding dairy cows are struggling with a high incidence of embryonic loss, among others caused by an insufficient peripheral progesterone concentration which for its part might be associated with an impaired luteal progesterone production. This impaired capacity to produce progesterone might be reflected in the histology of the gland. The aim of the present pilot study was the assessment of the variation in cell density within a bovine luteal gland (LG), to examine whether it is possible to analyse histologically the functionality of the gland based on one single tissue sample. Six LGs (stage II or III) were harvested out of just as many healthy cows at the slaughterhouse. The luteal cell density was assessed by calculating the nuclear density (ND) of the different luteal cell types on haematoxylin‐eosin‐stained histological sections from a number of topographic regions evenly spread throughout the glands, to give an overview of the pattern of cellular distribution within the whole gland. Cells were differentiated into ‘large luteal cells’, ‘small luteal cells’ and ‘non‐steroidogenic cells’. Results show that the cellular density, within a tissue sample is not significantly influenced by its location in relation to the gland's equatorial plane. However, the position with respect to the polar axis of the gland has a decisive effect, as the ND is significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the peripheral regions (outer zone) when compared with the central regions (inner zone) of the gland, and this counts for all three cell types. 相似文献
8.
Eeckhaut E Struijs K Possemiers S Vincken JP Keukeleire DD Verstraete W 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4806-4812
Estrogenic plant compounds from the human diet such as the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG, 1) can exert biological activity in the human body upon ingestion and bioactivation to enterodiol (END, 5) and enterolactone (ENL, 6). Bioavailability of lignans is influenced by the food matrix and gut microbial action, of which the latter is subject to a large interindividual variation. In this study, the fate of the lignan precursor SDG, present in the lignan macromolecule of flax seed ( Linum usitatissimum), was determined during an artificial stomach and small intestinal digestion and during metabolism by two different enterolignan phenotypes in a TWINSHIME environment (TWIN Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem). The lignan macromolecule acted as a delivery system of SDG in the large intestine. SDG was only hydrolyzed into secoisolariciresinol (SECO, 2) through microbial action in the ascending colon, after which it was bioactivated into enterolignans from the transverse colon onward. Single demethylation was a first step in the bioactivation, followed by dehydroxylation. Enterolignan phenotypes remained stable throughout the experimental period. The establishment of END and ENL production equilibria reflected the subdominance of ENL-producing bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
9.
Muhaya Bamba B. M. Leermakers Martine Baeyens Willy 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,107(1-4):277-288
Estuarine and riverine sediments from fourlocations showing different sediment structures wereanalysed as fresh, thawed and lyophilised samples fortotal mercury (TotHg) and methylmercury (MeHg)concentrations, and results were compared to addresseffects of sample preservation on Hg speciation. TotHg was measured by cold vapour atomic absorptionspectrometry (CVAAS). MeHg was isolated bydistillation and ion-exchange and analysed by coldvapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) afterpreconcentration on a gold trap. No loss of TotHg norMeHg due to lyophilisation was found. Concentrationsof TotHg and MeHg respectively ranged from 92 to 267ng g-1 dw and 1.1 to 2.9 ng g-1 dw in freshsamples, from 94 to 215 ng g-1 dw and 1.1 to 2.8ng g-1 dw in thawed samples, and from 100 to 256ng g-1 dw and 1.2 to 3.1 ng g-1 dw inlyophilised samples. Lyophilised samples showedbetter homogeneity and better MeHg analysisreproducibility compared with wet samples. 相似文献
10.
Roselien Crab Malik Kochva Willy Verstraete Yoram Avnimelech 《Aquacultural Engineering》2009,40(3):105-112
A 50-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the bio-flocs technology for maintaining good water quality in over-wintering ponds for tilapia hybrid fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus). To preserve adequate water temperatures in the ponds, they were covered with polyethylene sheets and the water exchange rate was minimized to increase pond water temperature. To avoid water quality deterioration, starch was added to the ponds to stimulate the formation of bio-flocs. Temperature in the covered ponds could easily be controlled and was 0.4–4.9 °C higher than the influent water. Adjusting the C/N ratio in the ponds by adding starch or increasing the amount of carbohydrates added through the feed limited the presence of inorganic nitrogen species when the C/N was about 20, even at high stocking densities of 20 kg/m3 at harvest. Fish survival levels were excellent, being 97 ± 6% for 100 g fish and 80 ± 4% for 50 g fish. Moreover, at harvest the condition of the fish was good in all ponds with a fish condition factor of 2.1–2.3. Overall, these findings can help to overcome over-wintering problems, particularly mass mortality of fish due to low temperatures in the ponds. 相似文献