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Controlling established horsenettle plants is achieved by suppressing shoot emergence from root systems. The seasonal pattern of shoot emergence and its possible endogenous control in horsenettle ( Solanum carolinense L.) were investigated. The shoot emergence period in an undisturbed population was limited to a seven-week period from mid-April, and a little longer in tilled conditions. Detached roots showed very high shoot-sprouting ability under 15–30°C throughout the year. In shoot clipping experiments, new shoots sprouted only from the stem and not from the root when attached to shoots, whether above-ground or underground. On the contrary, new shoots sprouted from the roots when all parts of the shoots were clipped off. From these results, the limited shoot emergence period in horsenettle is thought to be initiated by temperatures necessary for sprouting and is ended by a growth correlation effect between early emerged and matured shoots. 相似文献
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Fumiko SUZUTA Kumiko KIMURA Ryo URAKAWA Yukio KUSUDA Shogo TANAKA Yasuko HANAFUSA Makoto HARITANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):1029-1031
This report presents a new case of mucormycosis encountered in penguin characterized by morphological variation of hyphae and presence of sporangia with numerous sporangiospores. A 4.5-year-old Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) died after exhibiting anorexia, poor nutritional condition and dyspnea. Multiple nodular lesions were observed in the thoracic and abdominal regions. Histopathologically, hyphae of various sizes were seen in the lungs, air sac and nodular lesions. Myriad sporangiospores and several sporangia were observed in/around the bronchi or parabronchi. The very narrow and short hyphae in the nodules were not consistent with the characteristics of Mucorales. However, for most hyphae, including those in the nodules, sporangiospores and sporangia, immunohistochemistry revealed Mucorales-positive reactions. In addition, these fungi were identified as Rhizomucor pusillus by gene
analysis. 相似文献
3.
Takeharu KANEDA Yuuki KIDO Tsuyoshi TAJIMA Norimoto URAKAWA Kazumasa SHIMIZU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):15-19
The effects of various
selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction in the
bovine abomasum were investigated. Various selective PDE inhibitors, vinpocetine (type 1),
erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA, type 2), milrinone (type 3), Ro20-1724 (type
4), vardenafil (type 5), BRL-50481 (type 7) and BAY73-6691 (type 9), inhibited CCh-induced
contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the PDE inhibitors, Ro20-1724 and
vardenafil induced more relaxation than the other inhibitors based on the data for the
IC50 or maximum relaxation. In smooth muscle of the bovine abomasum, we
showed the expression of PDE4B, 4C, 4D and 5 by RT-PCR analysis. In the presence of CCh,
Ro20-1724 increased the cAMP content, but not the cGMP content. By contrast, vardenafil
increased the cGMP content, but not the cAMP content. These results suggest that
Ro20-1724-induced relaxation was correlated with cAMP and that vardenafil-induced
relaxation was correlated with cGMP in the bovine abomasum. In conclusion, PDE4 and PDE5
are the enzymes involved in regulation of the relaxation associated with cAMP and cGMP,
respectively, in the bovine abomasum. 相似文献
4.
Yuta NAGAI Takeharu KANEDA Yasuyuki MIYAMOTO Takaomi NURUKI Hidenori KANDA Norimoto URAKAWA Kazumasa SHIMIZU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):55-59
To elucidate the dependence of aerobic energy metabolism and utilization of glucose in
contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle, we investigated the changes in the reduced
pyridine nucleotide (PNred) fluorescence, representing glycolysis activity, and determined
the phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP contents of the porcine urinary bladder during
contractions induced by high K+ or carbachol (CCh) and with and without hypoxia
(achieved by bubbling N2 instead of O2) or in a glucose-free
condition. Hyperosmotic addition of 65 mM KCl (H-65K+) and 1
µM CCh induced a phasic contraction followed by a tonic contraction. A
glucose-free physiological salt solution (PSS) did not change the subsequent contractile
responses to H-65K+ and CCh. However, hypoxia significantly attenuated
H-65K+- and CCh-induced contraction. H-65K+ and CCh induced a
sustained increase in PNred fluorescence, representing glycolysis activity. Hypoxia
enhanced H-65K+- and CCh-induced increases in PNred fluorescence, whereas
glucose-free PSS decreased these increases, significantly. In the presence of
H-65K+, hypoxia decreased the PCr and ATP contents; however, the glucose-free
PSS did not change the PCr contents. In conclusion, we demonstrated that high
K+- and CCh-induced contractions depend on aerobic metabolism and that an
endogenous substrate may be utilized to maintain muscle contraction in a glucose-free PSS
in the porcine urinary bladder. 相似文献
5.
Takeharu KANEDA Erika SAITO Hidenori KANDA Norimoto URAKAWA Kazumasa SHIMIZU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1269-1274
The effects of papaverine on carbachol (CCh) -and high K+- induced contraction
in the bovine abomasum were investigated. Papaverine inhibited CCh (1 µM)
-and KCl (65 mM) -induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Forskolin or
sodium nitroprusside inhibited CCh-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent
manner in association with increases in the cAMP or cGMP contents, whereas papaverine
increased cGMP contents only at 30 µM. Changes in the extracellular
Ca2+ from 1.5 mM to 7.5 mM reduced verapamil-induced relaxation in high
K+-depolarized muscles, but papaverine-induced relaxation did not change.
Futhermore, papaverine (30 µM) and NaCN (300 µM)
decreased the creatine phosphate contents. These results suggest that the relaxing effects
of papaverine on the bovine abomasum are mainly due to the inhibition of aerobic energy
metabolism. 相似文献
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