哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰山树木径向生长及其对气候要素的响应

针对哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰山南坡西伯利亚云杉（Picea obovata）和西伯利亚落叶松（Larix sibirica）开展树轮研究，建立树轮年表，计算年平均树轮宽度值和年平均断面积生长量（BAI），并分析在1988年发生升温突变前后，这2个树种树轮宽度指数变化趋势，及其树木径向生长对气候因子的响应。结果表明：在升温突变前后，2个树种树轮宽度指数变化趋势一致。但是，在升温突变后，其变化趋势均由不显著增加转为显著下降。即树木径向生长减缓；升温突变后，2个树种树木径向生长对降水的响应有所减弱，而对气温的响应有所增强，并且发生了树轮指数和气候因子间相关性“正负转换”的情况。     

Mutagenic treatment of microspore-derived embryos of turnip rape (Brassica rapa) to increase oleic acid content

The article presents the results of a study on obtaining mutant doubled haploids of turnip rape. The culture medium for producing embryos in isolated microspore culture was optimized. The optimal medium formula was NLN + 13% S + 0.05 mg/L NAA + 0.05 mg/L BA. Embryos derived from isolated microspore culture were treated with EMS mutagen in three concentrations (4 mM, 8 mM, and 12 mM). Mutant doubled haploid plants and their seeds were obtained. Agronomic evaluation and analysis of fatty acid composition in mutant lines seeds showed that they had valuable traits in terms of seed oil quality and yield. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the seeds of the obtained mutant doubled haploids showed an increase in the percentage of oleic acid (~11%–12%) in comparison with donor cultivars. Our results showed that mutagenesis of embryos from a culture of isolated microspores has potential for improving the qualitative traits of turnip rape.     

不同配置乔灌混交林防风效益的风洞试验

防护林对减轻风沙灾害,改善和恢复干旱区生态环境意义重大。为优化干旱区防护林配置,该研究以旱柳、梭梭和油蒿为研究对象,设计A型(高密度)、B型(中密度)、C型(低密度)3类乔灌混交林模型,每类林带依据林龄(5、10和20a)设计3种高度,共9种乔灌混交林模型。在12m/s风速条件下进行风洞试验,分析不同配置乔灌混交林的风速频数、风速流场、有效防护面积。结果表明:不同配置的乔灌混交林背风面风速流场差异显著,等密度林带高度增加,带后相同位置的风速减小、气流越平稳,树龄5 a的中密度和低密度林带风速分别集中在7.2～7.6、7.5～8.5 m/s,树龄20 a的中密度和低密度林带风速分别集中分布在4～5、4.5～5 m/s;树龄10 a的中密度和低密度带后最大风速与高密度林带相似,但最小风速分别为高密度林带的5.88、7.27倍,说明高密度林带降低风速作用明显,但风速随着林带距离的增加恢复迅速;不同密度林带的防风效能最佳区随带高的增加而向后移动,林带高度增加,林带密度优势减弱。因此,中高林龄的中密度乔灌混交林生态效益、经济效益最优。