A Comparison of the Immunogenic Efficacy of a Bivalent Vaccine against Pasteurellosis and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease with That of Three Monovalent Vaccines against Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease

Veterinary Research Communications -     

First report of Phytophthora pseudosyringae recovered from aquatic ecosystems in Bulgaria

Two Phytophthora pseudosyringae isolates were recovered from aquatic ecosystems in Bulgaria during a two‐year investigation of Phytophthora distribution in water sources in the country. Isolate RVit2016/6d was derived from Boyana Lake at the Vitosha Mountain, whereas isolate RTr2016/32d was obtained from Erma River at the Ruy Mountain. Both isolates belong to P. pseudosyringae species according to their morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as to the DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The pathogenicity of the isolates to wild cranberry plants (Vaccinium vitis‐idea) was studied by detached leaves experiments and in planta. Both P. pseudosyringae isolates were able to cause leaf necrosis and death of plants within 3 months. The ability of the pathogens to infect cranberry leaves at different temperatures was also investigated. The significance of P. pseudosyringae species and its potential threat for forest ecosystems is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. pseudosyringae isolation in Bulgaria.     

Evaluation of growth response of phytopathogens Alternaria alternata,Diaporthe nobilis and Phytophthora plurivora to inhibitory potential of three essential oils of Monarda didyma genotypes

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The growth response of three phytopathogens to inhibitory activity of essential oils (EOs), derived from three monarda (Monarda didyma L.) genotypes, was...     

The Efficacy of a Bivalent Vaccine Against Pasteurellosis and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and Pasteurella multocida bacteria cause severe losses among rabbit populations. The efficacy of a recently developed bivalent vaccine against pasteurellosis and RHDV was investigated. Doses exceeding 2 haemagglutinating units (HU) of viral antigen were sufficient to protect rabbits against infection with RHDV. The bivalent vaccine appeared to be safe for use in all age groups of rabbits, including pregnant females, even after treatment with 20 times the normal vaccine dose. Rabbits injected with 8 or 4 HU of bivalent vaccine showed high antibody titres against both organisms for 9 months after inoculation. The antibody levels against RHDV in young rabbits at 30 days of age were elevated when they originated from mothers with high antibody titres. The most suitable period for vaccination of offspring appeared to be around 50 days of age. The bivalent vaccine against pasteurellosis and RHDV combined speed and longevity of the immune response. Immune protection against pasteurellosis and RHDV can thus be achieved with only one manipulation.     

Layer-by-layer growth of binary colloidal crystals

We report the growth of binary colloidal crystals with control over the crystal orientation through a simple layer-by-layer process. Well-ordered single binary colloidal crystals with a stoichiometry of large (L) and small (S) particles of LS2 and LS were generated. In addition, we observed the formation of an LS3 superstructure. The structures formed as a result of the templating effect of the first layer and the forces exerted by the surface tension of the drying liquid. By using spheres of different composition, one component can be selectively removed, as is demonstrated in the growth of a hexagonal non-close-packed colloidal crystal.     

Tumor necrosis factor signaling requires iRhom2 to promote trafficking and activation of TACE

The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the primary trigger of inflammation. Like many extracellular signaling proteins, TNF is synthesized as a transmembrane protein; the active signal is its ectodomain, which is shed from cells after cleavage by an ADAM family metalloprotease, ADAM17 (TNFα-converting enzyme, TACE). We report that iRhom2 (RHBDF2), a proteolytically inactive member of the rhomboid family, is required for TNF release in mice. iRhom2 binds TACE and promotes its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. The failure of TACE to exit the endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of iRhom2 prevents the furin-mediated maturation and trafficking of TACE to the cell surface, the site of TNF cleavage. Given the role of TNF in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, iRhom2 may represent an attractive therapeutic target.     

Comparative molecular epidemiological investigation on different bovine herpes viruses

Eight Bulgarian bovine herpes viruses, two Hungarian herpes viruses 1A, 3A, calves isolate named Mramor, buffalo isolate 723 and two referents BHV 1 strains were investigated by restrictase fragment pattern analysis. Migration profile of viral DNA by using different restrictase enzymes Hpa I, BamH I and Hind III were compared. Clearly differences among two Hungarian strains, calves isolate Mramor, buffalo isolate 723 and 8 Bulgarian and two referents BHV 1 strain was observed. The strain Sartze was determined as a genital type BHV 1, whereas Ozet, Tch.voda, Slivnitza, B. Budinov, Ptcelarovo, Vrana and Podgumer as a respiratory type. Hungarian strains 1A, 3A, calves isolate Mramor and buffalo isolate 723 had similar migration profile as swine herpes viruses. Hybridisation between the K 22 fragment and 8 bovine herpes viruses after Southern blotting were observed. That is evidence for genetic relation of these strains. Such hybridisation with Hungarian 1A, 3A, Mramor and buffaloes 723 strains were not observed. This fact allowed us to conclude that these strains are genetically different from BHV 1.

Résumé

On a examiné par l'analyse de la restrictase huit souches bulgares de virus herpès bovins, deux souches hongroises de virus herpès (1A et 3A), l'une isolée d'un buffle 723, l'autre isolée d'un veau nommé ‘Mramor’ et deux souches de virus de référence BHVI. Le profil migratoire des virus a été comparé à l'aide d'enzymes restrictase Hpa I, BamH I, Hind III. Une nette différence a été constatée entre les deux souches hongroises, la souche isolée du veau ‘Mramor’, celle isolée du buffle 723 et les huit souches bulgares. La souche Sartze a été déterminéee comme type génital, alors que Ozet, Tch.voda, Slivnitza, B. Budinov, Ptcelarovo, Vrana, Podgumer sont des types respiratoires. Le deux virus hongrois 1A et 3A, la souche isolée du veau ‘Mramor’, et celle isolée du buffle 723 ont un profil migratoire comparable à celui des virus herpès du porc. Après Soutchern blotting, une hybridation entre fragment K 22 et les huit virus herpès bovins a été constatée. Il y a une liaison génétique entre ces souches. Il n'y a pas d'hybridation entre les souches hongroises 1A et 3A, celle isolée du veau Mramor et celle isoléee du buffle 723. Cette observation nous permet de conclure que les souches sont génétiquement différentes de BHV 1.     

Detection of Phytophthora gallica in Bulgaria and co-existence with other Phytophthora species in a small river

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Co-existence of four Phytophthora species in a small river in Bulgaria was established—P. plurivora, P. gonapodyides, P. chlamydospora and P....