茭白鞘叶地埋式生物反应堆对大棚草莓生长及土壤肥力的影响

为实现茭白鞘叶的无害化处理与资源化利用,提高大棚草莓的产量、品质和土壤有机质含量,特开展本试验。试验结果表明,BR2(每667 m²埋施2000 kg茭白鞘叶)处理草莓产量达到2658.7 kg/667 m²,比对照常规处理增产31.02%;可溶性总糖、维生素C含量和糖酸比分别比对照处理提高35.54%、25.41%和21.30%;此外,与对照相比,BR2处理日平均增温最大可达到1.29℃,CO₂通量提高1.87~2.78倍,土壤有机质含量提高0.64%。     

茭白叶黑斑病的病原鉴定和防治药剂筛选

In recent years, in addition to brown spot disease, leaf black spot has occurred frequently and seriously affected the yield and quality in the production areas of Zizania latifolia in China. In order to identify the pathogen, diseased samples were collected from Lu'an, Suzhou, Tongxiang, Yuhang, Yuyao, Jinhua, Shengzhou. Finally, 90 fungal strains were obtained by tissue isolation method, in which 25 strains causing black spot disease of Z. latifolia was identified as Nigrospora oryzae by morphological observation, multiple sequence alignment analysis and pathogenicity test. Toxicity test of 12 fungicides commonly used in fields was carried out in laboratory conditions. The results showed that the effect of 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was best, with the EC₅₀ of 0.002 mg·L^-1; followed by 30% Pyraclostrobin SC and 60% Difenoconazole WG, with the EC₅₀ of 0.056 and 0.057 mg·L^-1, respectively. Combined with the inhibitory effect of the 12 fungicides on Ustilago esculenta, 250 g·L^-1 prochloraz EC was the best choice as a control agent. This study provided scientific basis for the identification and control of leaf black spot of Z. latifolia.