A 3-Year Adaptation Study of Three Distinct Grapevine Cultivars under Midwestern Field Conditions

Simultaneous responses of American (Concord), European (Pinot Noir), and American-European hybrid (Traminette) cultivars to seasonal and diurnal variation in field environmental conditions were assessed to propose suitable cultivars for potential use for selection and breeding in grapevines in dry areas. ‘Pinot Noir’ had higher gas exchange parameters, higher water potential, and chlorophyll fluorescence, while ‘Concord’ had the lowest values in all three seasons and experienced moderate stress by the end of each season. The dry conditions in 2005 caused water potential to decline sharply compared to values recorded in 2004 and 2006. ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Traminette’ exhibited a mild stress, while ‘Concord’ exhibited a moderate stress in 2006. Photosynthetic rate decreased slightly during the summer with a slight recovery at the beginning of September, and did not differ across the seasons among cultivars. Stomatal conductance followed the same pattern. However, in both 2004 and 2005, stomatal conductance dropped sharply late in the season because of frequently occurring high temperatures that were greater than 32 °C. Maximum morning values of Fv/Fm were within the optimal range. The study suggests the presence of marginal photoinhibition during mid-summer in Concord cultivars, because no full recovery of photochemical efficiency early in the evening was observed. The European cultivar (Pinot Noir) and the American-European hybrid (Traminette) are more adapted to field conditions in Kansas than Concord cultivars. However, high cold-mortality of Pinot Noir due to high sensitivity to cold winter temperature makes the hybrid cultivars the most suitable cultivar for Midwest regions with relatively cold winters.     

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Characteristics and Essential Oil Yield in Dragonhead

We conducted field experiments in two locations to investigation of organic and chemical fertilizer on soil characteristics and essential oil yield in dragonhead. Results showed that the inoculation of bacteria with the seeds in location 1 and also the inoculation of bacteria with the seeds of G₁ genotype in location 2 than G₂ genotype increased the total soil nitrogen content. The application of azocompost and its inoculation with urea's chemical fertilizer comparing to chemical control, it increase the soil carbon content. Results indicated that by increasing azocompost content with a linear procedure bulk density increased. Results showed that application of 100% azocompost treatment had the highest electrical conductivity in the soil. According to the results, the main effect of genotype and fertilizer regime and also two-way interaction (bacteria × fertilizer) had significant relationship with essential oil yield.     

烟蚜与其天敌种群在数量和分布格局上的关系

研究结果表明：烟蚜与烟蚜茧峰,草间小黑蛛等几种主要天敌在田间分布的关系均为聚集分布,说明烟蚜是聚集分布时,几种天敌也是聚集分布,借以提高天敌对害虫的控制作用。烟蚜与烟蚜茧蜂间的垂直分布关系是两者聚集场所间极相关,证明烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的聚集场所有明显的追随 关系,两者在烟草叶片叶序上的分布吻合。     

行政合同在动物防疫行政活动中的探索与实践

行政合同又可称之为行政契约，就是行政机关在不违背强制性法律规定的前提下，为保证行政管理事务有效落实，就某些具体行政管理事务的实施与行政管理相对人共同协商，达成一致，明确双方权利与义务，签订具有法律约束力的一种协议。多年来，我们积极探索行政合同应用于动物防疫行政管理事务之中，取得了良好的效果，推进了我区动物防疫行政管理工作的深入。     

施用沼肥对番茄田节肢动物群落结构及番茄产量的影响

在等氮、等磷、等钾的条件下,对番茄田分别施用化肥、沼肥加化肥、沼肥加饼肥,研究不同施肥类型对番茄田节肢动物群落结构及番茄产量的影响。结果显示,施用化肥害虫种类为2.17±0.29种/m2,害虫个体数量为48.92±2.25头/m2,目标害虫桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)个体数量为40.83±1.08头/m2,均显著高于施用沼肥加化肥和沼肥加饼肥。施用沼肥加饼肥节肢动物群落多样性指数为2.4115±0.0324,均匀度指数为0.9472±0.0205,均显著高于施用化肥和沼肥加化肥,且施用沼肥加化肥显著高于施用化肥;优势度指数为0.3987±0.0224,显著低于施用化肥。施用沼肥加饼肥节肢动物群落稳定性Ss/Si指数为0.0686±0.0007,显著高于施用化肥;Sn/Sp指数为1.4153±0.0281,显著高于施用化肥和沼肥加化肥。施用沼肥加化肥、沼肥加饼肥的番茄产量与对照施用化肥相比无显著差异。表明番茄田施用沼肥减少了化肥施用量,促进了节肢动物群落的稳定性,对番茄产量无显著影响。