使用粪球形态指标快速判别天山马鹿的性别

通过观察来自于新疆乌鲁木齐市南山山区的未知性别的天山马鹿种群粪便样本,依粪球形态可分为2类：子弹状、枣核状。子弹状呈短粗型,长宽比较小;枣核状呈细长型,长宽比较大。140份样品中子弹状86份、枣核状54份。通过扩增SRY基因进行分子鉴定知雄性94份、雌性46份。形态分类与实际性别吻合率88.34%,即子弹状为雄性,枣核状为雌性。并以样品长、宽平均值的比值（R）为指标快速聚类,建立了判别方程,统计指出判别结果与实际性别吻合率85.48%。结果提示今后的野外研究可直接利用粪球形态判定天山马鹿性别,长宽比判别方程可作为辅助。     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Two Population of Captive Tianshan Red Deer Using Microsatellite Markers

For scientific evaluation, protection and utilization of the valuable resources of 53 captive Tianshan Red deers (CJ, n=31;HM, n =22), the genetic polymorphisms of 8 microsatellites, analyzed the genetic diversity, genetic diversity and kept in captivity Tianshan Red deer was discussed.Microsatellite data indicated that 8 loci alleles were 3 to 7, 37 alleles were detected.The results showed that genetic diversity of Shenghua domesticated Red deer breeding base were A=4.625, He=0.6398, Ho=0.5887, PIC=0.5851, Ne=2.8357, Fis=0.0338, Hami Red deer farm field were A=4.375, He=0.6888, Ho=0.6818, PIC=0.6238, Ne=3.2078, Fis=-0.0175.The two population was not significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).It suggested that the genetic diversity of the captive Tianshan Red deer from two areas was still higher, however the date of F-statistics indicated that the captive Tianshan Red deer in Changji exchanged individuals resulting to inbreeding. Therefore, at the present, the focus of management of captive Red deer population should shift to avoiding the inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity.     

利用微卫星标记分析天山马鹿两个圈养种群遗传多样性

为科学评价、保护和利用天山马鹿资源,以昌吉市新疆盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地(CJ)与哈密军马场(HM)两地鹿场圈养的53头天山马鹿为研究对象(CJ,n=31;HM,n =22),8个微卫星位点为分子标记,对其遗传多样性进行分析,并探讨了保持圈养天山马鹿遗传多样性的方法。微卫星数据表明,8个基因座的等位基因数为3~7个,共检测到37个等位基因;盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地圈养种群的遗传多样性水平为:A=4.625,He=0.6398,Ho=0.5887,PIC=0.5851,Ne=2.8357,Fis=0.0338;哈密军马场马鹿种群为A=4.375,He=0.6888,Ho=0.6818,PIC=0.6238,Ne=3.2078,Fis=-0.0175。两地区马鹿种群没有显著偏离 Hardy-Weinberg平衡。由此可见,圈养天山马鹿种群的遗传多样丰富,但F统计量结果表明,盛华马鹿驯养繁育基地圈养种群个体之间存在一定程度的近交,因此,现阶段圈养马鹿种群的管理重点是避免近交和遗传多样性丧失上。