Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.     

大蒜根蛆的发生规律及防治技术

对湖北省当阳市大蒜根蛆的发生规律、不同品种的抗虫性及药剂防治进行了调查试验。结果表明，大蒜根蛆在湖北1年发生2代，第1代根蛆危害时期为9月8～26日，第2代为9月25日至10月20日，第2代根蛆发生量大，危害严重；不同大蒜品种根蛆危害差异不大；药剂防治以10％地友GR处理土壤防效较好，为88.8％，叶面喷雾以2.5％肯打EC防效较好，为77.7％。     

木质素基超塑化剂的制备及其在砂浆中的应用

来源于木材、麦草、竹子和蔗渣的木质素磺酸钠与三聚氰胺、甲醛和焦亚硫酸钠合成出磺化木质素三聚氰胺甲醛超塑化剂(LSMF).系统研究了LSMF对砂浆减水率、抗压强度、抗折强度和加速碳化深度等应用性能的影响.结果表明,使用麦草基木质素磺酸钠合成出磺化度3.663mmol/g,特性黏度7.24mL/g的LSMF对砂浆的减水增强性能最好.当LSMF掺量为0.7%时,砂浆减水率为21.1%.硬化砂浆28d加速碳化深度为13mm,空白砂浆为34.5mm.掺加LSMF后,硬化砂浆28d抗压强度和抗折强度分别比空白砂浆提高37%和18%.LSMF超塑化剂为木质素高效利用提供了一种新的思路.     

Metabolic response of horses to a high soluble carbohydrate diet: effects of low-intensity submaximal exercise and sodium bicarbonate supplementation.

Four mares fed a low fiber, high soluble carbohydrate diet were used in a crossover design to evaluate the effects of dietary sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation during daily low-intensity submaximal working conditions. Mares were fed the diet at 1.7 times the maintenance energy requirement for mature horses at work. The horses tolerated the diet well and had no clinical abnormalities. Resting venous blood bicarbonate (HCO3), standard HCO3, and base excess (BE) concentrations significantly (P less than 0.05) increased with NaHCO3 supplementation, but no significant changes in resting venous blood pH or carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) were recorded. Venous blood HCO3, standard HCO3, BE, hemoglobin, and heart rate were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased and plasma lactate concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased in the control horses and in the horses given the NaHCO3 supplement during low-intensity submaximal exercise. There were no significant changes in venous blood pH, PCO2, or plasma protein concentration with exercise. Venous blood HCO3, standard HCO3, and BE concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater during submaximal exercise in horses given the NaHCO3 supplement. There were no significant differences in plasma lactate or total protein concentrations, blood pH, PCO2, or hemoglobin concentration between the 2 groups during exercise.     

HNS型三相分离器的应用

在分析HNS型三相分离器工作原理及结构的基础上，通过现场实际应用测试，指出该设备油气水分离系统运行平衡，对含水率在80％以上的产出液，经该设备脱气，脱水处理后，原油含水率低于0．38％，水中含油低于300mg/L，完全能达到设计指标。     

Immunization against cholecystokinin decreases appetite in lambs.

The effects of immunization against cholecystokinin (CCK) on feed intake, weight gain, and carcass characteristics were studied in sheep. Nine wether lambs at 10 wk of age were immunized with a conjugate of sulphated CCK octapeptide and human serum globulin or against human globulin alone. All CCK-immunized lambs produced antibodies, and the average titer 5 wk after the primary immunization was calculated to be sufficient to bind normal circulating levels of CCK. Mean daily feed intakes and BW were similar in the CCK-immunized and the control-immunized groups at the start of treatment, but after immunization, feed intake, appetite, and BW gain were decreased in the CCK-immunized animals. There was no effect on carcass composition or organ growth relative to body growth. It is concluded that the immunization procedure used in this study may have potentiated the actions of CCK rather than neutralizing its action as an appetite regulator.     

Resistance to gentamicin and amikacin of gram-negative organisms isolated from horses

Resistance of gram-negative bacteria to gentamicin has become an increasingly common problem among clinical isolates from human beings. Susceptibility of isolates from horses to gentamicin and amikacin was evaluated for the period from July, 1983 to June, 1985. All isolates of Escherichia coli, and species of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas examined were susceptible to amikacin, except 2 of the 46 Pseudomonas isolates. In contrast, 13 to 50% of isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella, Proteus, and Enterobacter species isolates were highly significantly more susceptible to amikacin (P less than 0.01) than to gentamicin. Pseudomonas spp (P = 0.13) were not significantly different in susceptibility to the 2 drugs. There was significant variation among genera in their susceptibility to gentamicin (P = 0.002), primarily because of the frequency of resistance in isolates of Klebsiella spp and Proteus spp, compared with the other 3 organisms (E coli, Enterobacter spp, and Pseudomonas spp). There was no significant difference of susceptibility to amikacin among the genera studied (P = 0.06).     

梨芽变新品种—尖把王梨的选育

尖把王梨为尖把梨大果芽变,平均单果质量189g,最大单果质量280g,是一般尖把梨的2倍以上。部分果面有1～2条纵沟,果面黄绿色;果皮薄,果肉白色,肉质细腻多汁,石细胞较少;总糖含量为11.88%,总酸含量为0.92%,维生素C含量为5.81mg/100g,风味酸甜适口,香气浓,果心小,可食率高,品质上,是鲜食、冻制和加工兼用新品种。枝条、叶片也明显大于尖把梨,抗寒能力与尖把梨相同,是栽培梨中抗寒力最强的品种之一,适于辽宁、吉林、内蒙古等较寒冷地区发展。