Avian infectious bronchitis virus in Africa: a review

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is worldwide in distribution, highly infectious, and extremely difficult to control because it has extensive genetic diversity, a short generation time, and a high mutation rate. IBV is a Gammacoronavirus, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA virus. Avian infectious bronchitis is well studied in European countries with identification of a large number of IBV variants, whereas in African countries epidemiological and scientific data are poor and not updated. However, previous studies reported that an IBV variant continues to appear regularly in Africa, as currently described in Morocco. No cross-protection between IBV strains was reported, some being unique to a particular country, others having a more general distribution. This review aims to provide a general overview on IB disease distribution in African countries and an update on the available studies of IBV variants in each country.     

Caractérisation des souches de Pyrenophora teres et Pyrenophora graminea par analyse des protéines

L'analyse des protéines mycéliennes par électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide en conditions dénaturantes montre que les protéines solubles ne permettent pas de distinguer les différentes souches de Pyrenophora. En revanche, les bandes polypeptidiques spécifiques observées à travers l'étude des protéines pariétales ont permis non seulement de discriminer Pyrenophora teres f. teres de Pyrenophora teres f. maculata , mais également Pyrenophora teres de P. graminea. Enfin l'étude des profils isoenzymatiques fournit également des marqueurs biochimiques très intéressants. Les α-estérases permettent de différencier les souches appartenant à la forme maculata. Les β-estérases et les phosphoglucoisomérases offrent la possibilité d'une distinction interspécifique entre P. teres et P. graminea.     

Whey protein polymorphisms in Sudanese goat breeds

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of the present study was to assess genetic variation that is characteristic for Sudanese goat breeds in the milk whey protein genes (LALBA and BLG)....