日粮调控羔羊肌肉ω-3 及ω-6长链脂肪酸和风味

评价了日粮调控([Merino×Border Leicester]×Poll Dorset)二杂去势羔羊肌肉ω-3长链脂肪酸对熟羊肉风味的影响.)与饲喂以苜蓿干草和燕麦壳的为基础的日粮相比,日粮添加鱼粉(FM,试验1)和鱼油(FO,试验2)分别使羔羊肌肉ω-3长链脂肪酸含量适度和显著增加.保护油菜籽(PCS),试验1)显著增加了Longissimus肌肉的ω-6长链脂肪酸含量.2个试验中,羔羊均在饲喂试验日粮6周后于商业屠宰场屠宰.宰杀后24 h,将半腱肌和股二头肌从动物体分离并保存在-20℃,供评味员评价风味之用.肌肉样品保存3个月(试验1)和12月(试验2)后取出,解冻并烹熟后评价风味.肉样在对流式微波炉的标准化条件下烹调,温度180℃(20～25 min),内部温度达到75℃.烹调好的样品用来测定味道,香味,嫩度和总体口感.与基础日粮相比,FM(试验1和2)和FO组(试验2)肌肉ω-3长链脂肪酸或PCS组(试验1)ω-6长链脂肪酸含量显著增加对熟羊肉的评味员风味评价或香味没有有害影响.但是,FM处理(试验1)的羊肉嫩度和FO处理(试验2)的总体口感下降.保护葵花籽粕蛋白加FO处理(试验2)显著降低了香味、嫩度和总体口感的级别.羊肉ω-3长链脂肪酸水平增加后不会熟羊肉风味发生变化.     

Effect of dietary modification of muscle long-chain n-3 fatty acid on plasma insulin and lipid metabolites, carcass traits, and fat deposition in lambs

In a previous study we showed that feeding fish meal significantly increased muscle long chain n-3 fatty acids (FA) and hot carcass weight. In this study we compared the effect of fish meal and fish oil on increasing muscle long-chain FA. We also investigated whether the increase in carcass weight was due to the effect of dietary enrichment of muscle long-chain n-3 FA on muscle membrane phospholipids and(or) to rumen by-pass protein provided by fish meal. Forty crossbred ([Merino x Border Leicester] x Poll Dorset) wether lambs between 26 and 33 kg BW were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 1) basal diet of oaten:lucerne chaff (Basal); 2) Basal + fish meal (9% DM) = FM; 3) Basal + fish oil (1.5% DM) with protected sunflower meal (9% DM ) = FOSMP; 4) Basal + fish oil (1.5% DM) = FO; or 5) Basal + protected sunflower meal (10.5% DM) = SMP. Daily intake of ME (9.60 - 10.5 MJ ME/d) and CP (150 to 168 g/d) in all treatments was kept similar by varying the ratio of oaten:lucerne chaff and by feeding the animals at 90% ad libitum intake. Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and on the day (d 42) prior to slaughter. Lambs were then slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. At 24 h postmortem carcass traits were measured and longissimus thoracis muscle taken for analysis of FA of phospholipid and triglyceride fractions. Lambs fed FO and FOSMP showed a marked increase in muscle longchain n-3 FA (P < 0.001) and a reduction in magnitude of the rise in insulin concentration (P < 0.001) after feeding compared with lambs fed Basal and SMP diets. Lambs in FM had a moderate increase (P < 0.001) in muscle long-chain n-3 FA content. Compared with Basal diet, both plasma total cholesterol (P < 0.02) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) levels were greater in SMP and less in FO and FOSMP treatments. The i.m. fat content was reduced (P < 0.05) in FM and FO treatments, but carcass weight was increased only with fish meal (P < 0.03). Adding SMP to FO produced muscle with an intermediate level of i.m. fat, whereas muscle long-chain n-3 FA, i.m. fat, and insulin concentration were unchanged with SMP treatment. These results indicate that an increase in carcass weight in FM may be due to the supply of ruminally undegraded protein. They also suggest that fish oil along with fish meal can increase long-chain n-3 FA content in phospholipid of muscle membrane. This may be associated with reduced i.m. fat content and altered insulin action and lipoprotein metabolism.     

Plasma protein levels as potential marker traits for resistance to furunculosis

Abstract. The feasibility of including individual records on correlated traits in a family selection programme which aims to increase resistance to furunculosis in Atlantic salmon was studied; markers were selected because of their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Fibrinogen and α₂-antiplasmin both show genetic variation; both are correlated with survival after challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida , the correlation being 0·44 and 0·37 ( P < 0·05), respectively, and it is possible to measure both on a large scale at low costs. Contrary to α₂-antiplasmin, fibrinogen was negatively correlated with survival due to furunculosis within the 10 most resistant families and within the 10 most susceptible families in contrast to an overall positive correlation. This inconsistency could be attributable to the presence of different allelic phases in different families, and of major linked loci influencing survival and fibrinogen levels. Thus, only α₂-antiplasmin fulfils the requirements for a marker trait for resistance to the disease suitable for individual selection at the population level, whereas the use of fibrinogen would be restricted to within family selection. The full statistical model explained 51% of the variation in resistance to furunculosis, and α₂-antiplasmin contributed 15% to this variation when considered as a separate entity. Thus, the additional gain from including individual records on α₂-antiplasmin in a family selection programme could be significant.     

Distribution and habitat characteristics of three sympatric cetacean species in the coastal waters of Matang,Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

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基于改进Bayes抠图算法的麦穗小穗自动计数方法

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Withdrawal time of four pharmaceutical formulations of enrofloxacin in poultry according to different maximum residues limits

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